^Define hydrogen bond. Explain its types with example.
Answers
Answer:
Hydrogen bond or hydrogen bonding is a type of weak force that results in the formation of dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom that is strongly bonded to another electronegative atom. The bond or bonds are mostly strong in comparison to normal dipole-dipole and dispersion forces. However, they are weak compared to true covalent or ionic bonds.
Examples of Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding in Hydrogen fluoride
Fluorine having the highest value of electronegativity forms the strongest hydrogen bond.
hydrogen bonding in HF
Hydrogen Bonding in Water
A water molecule contains a highly electronegative oxygen atom linked to the hydrogen atom. Oxygen atom attracts the shared pair of electrons more and this end of the molecule becomes negative whereas the hydrogen atoms become positive.
Hydrogen bonding in water
Hydrogen Bonding in Ammonia
It contains highly electronegative atom nitrogen linked to hydrogen atoms.
Hydrogen bonding in ammonia
Hydrogen Bonding in Alcohols and Carboxylic acid
Alcohol is a type of an organic molecule which contains an -OH group. Normally, if any molecule which contains the hydrogen atom is connected to either oxygen or nitrogen directly, then hydrogen bonding is easily formed.
Hydrogen bonding in alcohols
Hydrogen Bonding in Alcohols
Carboxylic acid
Hydrogen Bonding in Carboxylic acid
Hydrogen Bonding in Polymers
Hydrogen bonding is an important factor in determining the 3D structures and properties that are acquired by synthetic and natural proteins. Hydrogen bonds also play an important role in defining the structure of cellulose as well as derived polymers such as cotton or flax.
Hydrogen bonding is an electrostatic force between covalent molecules with hydrogen and an electronegative element & sp hybrid carbon.
H bonding doesn't take place in ionic compounds
Hydrogen bond is weaker but is stronger than van der waals force.
There is dipole- dipole interactions.
Hydrogen bond forms in polar covalent compounds.
There are two types of hydrogen bonding:-
- Intermolecular H bonding
- intramolecular H bonding