define magnitude of vector and give example
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The magnitude of a vector is the length of the vector. The magnitude of the vector a is denoted as ∥a∥. See the introduction to vectors for more about the magnitude of a vector.
Formulas for the magnitude of vectors in two and three dimensions in terms of their coordinates are derived in this page. For a two-dimensional vector a=(a1,a2), the formula for its magnitude is
∥a∥=a21+a22−−−−−−√.
For a three-dimensional vector a=(a1,a2,a3), the formula for its magnitude is
∥a∥=a21+a22+a23−−−−−−−−−−√.
The formula for the magnitude of a vector can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions. For example, if a=(a1,a2,a3,a4) is a four-dimensional vector, the formula for its magnitude is
∥a∥=a21+a22+a23+a24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√.
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