Define normal time and steps of acieving this time
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Work measurement refers to the estimation of standard time for an activity, that is the time allowed for completing one piece of job by using the prescribed method. Standard time can be defined as the time taken by an average experienced worker for the job with provisions for delays beyond the worker's control.
There are several techniques used for estimation of standard time in industry. These include time study, work sampling, standard data, and predetermined motion time system.
Applications:
Standard times for operations are useful for several applications in industry, like
• Estimating material, machinery, and equipment requirements.
• Estimating production cost per unit as an input to
Preparation of budgets
Determination of selling price
Make or buy decision
• Estimating manpower requirements.
• Estimating delivery schedules and planning the work
• Balancing the work of operators working in a group.
• Estimating performance of workers and using that as the basis for incentive payment to those direct and indirector labor who show greater productivity.
We will study some of the popular techniques of work measurement.
TIME STUDY. It is the most versatile and the most widely used technique of work measurement.
Definition:
Time study is a technique to estimate the time to be allowed to a qualified and well-trained worker working at a normal pace to complete a specified task by using specified method.
This technique is based on measuring the work content of the task when performed by the prescribed method, with the allowance for fatigue and for personal and unavoidable delays.
Time Study Procedure:
The procedure for time study can best be described step-wise, which are self explanatory.
Step 1: Define objective of the study. This involves statement of the use of the result, the precision desired, and the required level of confidence in the estimated time standards.
Step 2: Verify that the standard method and conditions exist for the operation and the operator is properly trained. If need is felt for method study or further training of operator, the same may be completed before starting the time study.
Step 3: Select operator to be studied if there are more than one operator doing the same task.
Step 4: Record information about the standard method, operation, operator, product, equipment, and conditions on the Time Study observation sheet.
Step 5: Divide the operation into reasonably small elements, and record them on the Time Study observation sheet.
Step 6: Time the operator for each of the elements. Record the data for a few number of cycles on the Time Study observation sheet. Use the data to estimate the total number of observations to be taken.
Step 7: Collect and record the data of required number of cycles by timing and rating the operator.
Step 8: Calculate the representative watch time for each element of operation. Multiply it by the rating factor to get normal time.
Normal time = Observed time x Rating factor
Calculate the normal time for the whole operation by adding the normal time of its various elements.
Step 9: Determine allowances for fatigue and various delays.
Step 10: Determine standard time of operation.
Standard time = Normal time + allowances
Selection of job for Time Study
Time Study is conducted on a job
• which has not been previously time-studied.
• for which method change has taken place recently.
• for which worker(s) might have complained as having tight time standards.
Selection of Worker for Time Study
The selection of worker for time study is a very important factor in the success of the study. If there is only one person on the job, as usually is, then there is no choice. But if more than one person is performing the same operation, the time study man may time one or more of the workers. If all the workers are using the same method for doing the job and there is different in the rate of their doing it, it is necessary to select a suitable worker for the study. The worker on which
There are several techniques used for estimation of standard time in industry. These include time study, work sampling, standard data, and predetermined motion time system.
Applications:
Standard times for operations are useful for several applications in industry, like
• Estimating material, machinery, and equipment requirements.
• Estimating production cost per unit as an input to
Preparation of budgets
Determination of selling price
Make or buy decision
• Estimating manpower requirements.
• Estimating delivery schedules and planning the work
• Balancing the work of operators working in a group.
• Estimating performance of workers and using that as the basis for incentive payment to those direct and indirector labor who show greater productivity.
We will study some of the popular techniques of work measurement.
TIME STUDY. It is the most versatile and the most widely used technique of work measurement.
Definition:
Time study is a technique to estimate the time to be allowed to a qualified and well-trained worker working at a normal pace to complete a specified task by using specified method.
This technique is based on measuring the work content of the task when performed by the prescribed method, with the allowance for fatigue and for personal and unavoidable delays.
Time Study Procedure:
The procedure for time study can best be described step-wise, which are self explanatory.
Step 1: Define objective of the study. This involves statement of the use of the result, the precision desired, and the required level of confidence in the estimated time standards.
Step 2: Verify that the standard method and conditions exist for the operation and the operator is properly trained. If need is felt for method study or further training of operator, the same may be completed before starting the time study.
Step 3: Select operator to be studied if there are more than one operator doing the same task.
Step 4: Record information about the standard method, operation, operator, product, equipment, and conditions on the Time Study observation sheet.
Step 5: Divide the operation into reasonably small elements, and record them on the Time Study observation sheet.
Step 6: Time the operator for each of the elements. Record the data for a few number of cycles on the Time Study observation sheet. Use the data to estimate the total number of observations to be taken.
Step 7: Collect and record the data of required number of cycles by timing and rating the operator.
Step 8: Calculate the representative watch time for each element of operation. Multiply it by the rating factor to get normal time.
Normal time = Observed time x Rating factor
Calculate the normal time for the whole operation by adding the normal time of its various elements.
Step 9: Determine allowances for fatigue and various delays.
Step 10: Determine standard time of operation.
Standard time = Normal time + allowances
Selection of job for Time Study
Time Study is conducted on a job
• which has not been previously time-studied.
• for which method change has taken place recently.
• for which worker(s) might have complained as having tight time standards.
Selection of Worker for Time Study
The selection of worker for time study is a very important factor in the success of the study. If there is only one person on the job, as usually is, then there is no choice. But if more than one person is performing the same operation, the time study man may time one or more of the workers. If all the workers are using the same method for doing the job and there is different in the rate of their doing it, it is necessary to select a suitable worker for the study. The worker on which
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