Define phase rule in detail?
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Gibbs' phase rule was proposed by Josiah Willard Gibbs in his landmark paper titled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, published from 1875 to 1878. The rule applies to non-reactive multi-component heterogeneous systems in thermodynamic equilibrium and is given by the equality
F=C-P+2
where F is the number of degrees of freedom, C is the number of components and P is the number of phases in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other.
The number of degrees of freedom is the number of independent intensive variables, i.e. the largest number of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature or pressurethat can be varied simultaneously and arbitrarily without determining one another. An example of one-component system is a system involving one pure chemical, while two-component systems, such as mixtures of water and ethanol, have two chemically independent components, and so on. Typical phases are solids, liquids and gases.
F=C-P+2
where F is the number of degrees of freedom, C is the number of components and P is the number of phases in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other.
The number of degrees of freedom is the number of independent intensive variables, i.e. the largest number of thermodynamic parameters such as temperature or pressurethat can be varied simultaneously and arbitrarily without determining one another. An example of one-component system is a system involving one pure chemical, while two-component systems, such as mixtures of water and ethanol, have two chemically independent components, and so on. Typical phases are solids, liquids and gases.
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law in physical chemistry: the number of degrees of freedom of a system in equilibrium is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases plus the constant two (as in the system ice -liquid water- water vapor consisting of the one chemical component water and its three physical phases there are no degrees of freedom and the system can exist at only one temperature and pressure)
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