Question

Define psychology.Discuss the various schools of psychology​

Answer 1

Psychology is a systematic study of mind and behaviour. Psychology is a diverse fields of research spanning various areas, including personal development, health, sports, psychological , social and cognitive processes.

Explanation:

The major schools of Psychology are:

Structuralism and Functionalism

• Structuralism is generally seen as the first psychological school of thought. This perspective concentrated on dividing mental processes into the most basic components. Structuralism centered on reducing "mental processes" to their basic components.
• In order to explore the inner workings of the human psyche, structuralists used methods like introspection. Functionalism was developed as a response to structuralistic thought school theories. It focused on the roles and shifts of the mind. Functionalist thinkers were rather interested in the role that such processes play instead of focussing on the cognitive processes themselves.beha

Gestalt Psychology

• Gestalt psychology is a college of psychology, focused around the concept of unifying things. This psychological approach started with the molecular approach to structuralism in Austria & Germany  at a late 19th century. The gestalt psychologists agreed that you needed to look at the entire thing instead of breaking down "thoughts & behavior" into the smallest components. The Gestalt thinkers say that the whole is larger than the sum of its parts.

Behaviourism

• Behaviorism implies that the external factors may justify certain actions rather than internal forces. Behavior focuses on behavior that is  observed In the history of psychiatry, the psychological behaviour school was greatly influenced, and many of the theories and methods arising from this theory are still frequently practiced today.

Humanistic

• The emergence of humanist psychology was as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behavior. "Humanistic psychology" focuses more on the free will of the individual, "personal growth" and self-actualization concept. Whilst early thinking schools primarily concentrated on an "abnormal human behaviour", the emphasis of humanist philosophy on making individuals understand their ability differed considerably.

Cognitive

• This school of psychology is cognitive science, which studies mental mechanisms such as reasoning, perceiving, recalling and learning. This branch of psychology is related, among other areas, to neuroscience, lingusitics, & philosophy  as part of the broader field of cognitive science.

Psychoanalytic

• Sigmund Freud was founded as a psychoanalysis graduate. This way of thinking stressed the unconscious mind's influence on behaviour. Freud felt the "human mind" had three components: I d , ego, and supergo. The I d consists of primary urges whereas the ego is the personality component responsible for dealing with reality. The super-ego is the "part of the personality" which incorporates all of our "parents' and culture's "beliefs & values". Freud was of the view that all "complex human" actions arose from the combination of these three components.

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Schools of psychology brief description of positive psychology ...

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