Question

Define the following:-
a) PRESERVATION.
b) PROTOZOA.
C) RHIZOBIUM.
D) VACCINE.
E) VIRUS.
F) YEAST.

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Answer 1

food preservation
food can be processed and prevented from getting spoilt by the following steps here are some ways that can be adopted to preserve food
(1) drying
(2)by adding salt and sugar
(3) canning and vacuum packing
(4) freezing
(5) pasteurization
(6)by using chemical preservatives
(7) radiation
protozoa
these are animal like a unicellular microorganism. Protozoa do not possess are cell wall. their size ranges from 2 to 200 microns. most of them are aquatic they are found in freshwater as well as marine water in the soil on decaying plant and animal wastes and in the body of other organisms. protozoans heterotrophic except for a euglena
which has chlorophyll and is autotrophic. Some are parasitic that is day depend on other living forms and other are saprozoic as they depend on dead and decaying organic matter. Protozoa normally reproduce by binary fission.
rhizobium
bacteria like rhizobium and Azotobacter are very important in agriculture. rhizobium in the root nodules of a leguminous plants azotobacter in soil turn nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds which can be taken in by plants.
vaccine
a vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. a small amount of antigen is introduced in the body. this is called inoculation .a vaccine typically contains a small amount of an agent that resembles a micro organism. the agent stimulates the body immunity system to recognise any foreign agent and remember it so that it can more easily recognise and destroy any of these organisms that it later Encounters with.
virus
these are submicroscopic and can grow and multiply inside a living cell only. they do not show any sign of life outside a living cell. for this reason they are called a biologist puzzle. they grow and multiply in plants animals and the human body. viruses can infect even bacteria. viruses use the materials of their host cells to grow and multiply. their size ranges from 0.015 microne 0.2 microne. they can only be seen with an electron microscope. viruses do not have a cellular structure. they have DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) as the genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. they are of various shapes round, rod shaped and spherical.
yeast
yeast is of fungus which respires under anaerobic conditions in fruit juice and changes it into alcohol. yeast acts on Sugar and forms alcohol this process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by yeast is called fermentation. tiny little carbon dioxide Bubbles are given out in the process.
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