Definition of instrumental learning in animals
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Instrumental conditioning is another term for operantconditioning, a learning process first described by B. F. Skinner. Ininstrumental conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future.
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Instrumental conditioning is another term for operantconditioning, a learning process first described by B. F. Skinner. Ininstrumental conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future.
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Instrumental conditioning is another term for operant conditioning,a learning process first described by B. F. Skinner. In instrumental conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again in the future.For example, if a student is rewarded with praise every time she raises her hand in class, she becomes more likely to raise her hand again in the future.If she is also scolded when she speaks out of turn, she becomes less likely to interrupt the class. In these examples, the teacher is using reinforcement to strengthen the hand-raising behavior and punishment to weaken the talking out of turn behavior.
Instrumental conditioning is often used in animal training as well. For example, training a dog to shake hands would involve offering a reward every time the desired behavior occurs.
Psychologist E.L. Thorndike was one of the first to observe the impact of reinforcement in puzzle box experiments with cats. During these experiments, Thorndike observed a learning process that he referred to as “trial-and-error” learning.
The experiments involved placing a hungry cat in a puzzle box and in order to free itself, the cat had to figure out how to escape. Thorndike then noted how long it took the cats to free themselves on each experimental trial.
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Instrumental conditioning is often used in animal training as well. For example, training a dog to shake hands would involve offering a reward every time the desired behavior occurs.
Psychologist E.L. Thorndike was one of the first to observe the impact of reinforcement in puzzle box experiments with cats. During these experiments, Thorndike observed a learning process that he referred to as “trial-and-error” learning.
The experiments involved placing a hungry cat in a puzzle box and in order to free itself, the cat had to figure out how to escape. Thorndike then noted how long it took the cats to free themselves on each experimental trial.
Hope u find it useful.......
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