Question

definition of plant tissue culture and explain its types

Answer 1

Tissue culture is a type of artificial propagation. In this method one tissue is cut off from a tree and then it is put in a test tube under controlled conditions such as moisture, warmth etc and after some days it starts developing.

Answer 2

Plant tissue culture is characterized as culturing plants using any part of the plant such as seeds, cells, tissues, explants, or protoplasts on a chemically developed synthetic nutrient medium

provided the conditions are sterile and exposed to a controlled amount of light, temperature, and humidity.

There are 4 types of plant tissue culture:

1) Protoplast Culture: A plant cell without a cell wall is called a protoplast cell. In this type of tissue culture, the cell wall of plant cells is removed. Then, they are cleaned and the wall is again regenerated in artificial conditions and shifted to a suitable medium for growth and development into a complete plant. Mainly used to produce hybridized plants or genetically modified plants. In this technique, two protoplasts from two distinct species are fused and cultured in a suitable medium.

2) Callus Culture: An undifferentiated mass of cells is called a callus. It has the potential to generate any part of the plants. Moreover, callus can also be cultivated under in vitro conditions with the help of explants from any plant part.

3) Cell Suspension culture: Cell suspensions can be achieved either from the callus or explant directly. In this technique, tissues are transferred to a liquid medium and continuously mixed to achieve a suspension of single cells.

4) Ovary culture: In this method, unfertilized or fertilized ovaries of a plant species are cultured in a favorable environment to allow it to develop into a complete plant. It’s also called gynogenesis because an ovary is a female reproductive part called gynoecium.

To learn more about applications of tissue culture:

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