describe 5 different advantages and 5 disadvantages of multipurpose river valley river projects.
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Answer:
ADVANTAGES
-dams and multipurpose river valley projects are used today for irrigation, electricity generation and to provide water supply for domestic and industrial uses.
-these projects also help control floods during heavy rain and store excess water.
-dams are also used in recreation an to increase tourism, inland navigation and even in fish breeding.
-multipurpose river projects integrate many uses of impounded water with one another, e.g. the 'bhakra-nangal project' is being used for both hydel power generation and irrigation.
- multipurpose river projects help in providing water to regions with water scarcity like desert areas and irrigate the soil in these regions. it is also used to provide cheap electricity to faraway cities and towns.
DISADVANTAGES
-regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow, causing poor sediment flow which results in rockier stream beds and poorer habitat for aquatic life.
-dams fragment rivers, making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for breeding/spawning.
-the reservoirs created on floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation leading to its decomposition over time.
-multipurpose projects have been the cause of many social movements like the 'narmada bachao andolan' and 'tehri dam andolan'. resistance to these projects is mainly because of large-scale displacement of local and tribal communities.
-local people often had to give up their land, livelihood and meagre control over resources during building of these dams for the greater good of the nation with no proper benefit for themselves.
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