Question

describe 6 pages about the impact of composite culture and bhakti movement

Answer 1

The Bhakti movement refers to the theisticdevotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism[1] and later revolutionised in Sikhism.[2] It originated in eighth-century south India (now Tamil Nadu and Kerala), and spread northwards.[1] It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE.[3]

The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-religions were Vaishnavism(Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism.[4][5][6] Bhakti movement preached against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached the masses.The movement was inspired by many poet-saints, who championed a wide range of philosophical positions ranging from theistic dualism of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta.[7][8]

The movement has traditionally been considered as an influential social reformation in Hinduism, and provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's caste of birth or gender.[3] Postmodern scholars question this traditional view and whether the Bhakti movement ever was a reform or rebellion of any kind.[9] They suggest Bhakti movement was a revival, reworking and recontextualisation of ancient Vedic traditions.[10]

Scriptures of the Bhakti movement include the Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana and Padma Purana.[11][12]

TerminologyEdit

The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaj, which means "divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to".[13][14] The word also means "attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation".[15][16]

The meaning of the term Bhakti is analogous but different than Kama. Kama connotes emotional connection, sometimes with sensual devotion and erotic love. Bhakti, in contrast, is spiritual, a love and devotion to religious concepts or principles, that engages both emotion and intellection.[17] Karen Pechelis states that the word Bhakti should not be understood as uncritical emotion, but as committed engagement.[17] Bhakti movement in Hinduism refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses. Bhakti movement preached against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. One who practices bhakti is called a bhakta.[18]

Textual rootsEdit

Ancient Indian texts, dated to be from the 1st millennium BCE, such as the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, the Katha Upanishad and the Bhagavad Gita mention Bhakti.[19]



Bhagavad GitaEdit

The Bhagavad Gita, a post-Vedic scripture composed in 5th to 2nd century BCE,[32]introduces bhakti marga (the path of faith/devotion) as one of three ways to spiritual freedom and release, the other two being karma marga (the path of works) and jnana marga (the path of knowledge).[33][34] In verses 6.31 through 6.47 of the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna as an avatar of deity Vishnu, describes bhakti yoga and loving devotion, as one of the several paths to the highest spiritual attainments.[35][36]

Answer 2

The Bhakti movement refers to the theisticdevotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism[1] and later revolutionised in Sikhism.[2] It originated in eighth-century south India (now Tamil Nadu and Kerala), and spread northwards.[1] It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE.[3]
The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-religions were Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism(Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism.[4][5][6] Bhakti movement preached against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached the masses.The movement was inspired by many poet-saints, who championed a wide range of philosophical positions ranging from theistic dualism of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta.[7][8]
The movement has traditionally been considered as an influential social reformation in Hinduism, and provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's caste of birth or gender.[3] Postmodern scholars question this traditional view and whether the Bhakti movement ever was a reform or rebellion of any kind.[9] They suggest Bhakti movement was a revival, reworking and recontextualisation of ancient Vedic traditions.[10]
Scriptures of the Bhakti movement include the Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana and Padma Purana.[11][12]