Question

Describe about 30 scientist and their discoveries

Answer 1

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1)Archimedes (287 BCE – c. 212 BCE) Archimedes of Syracuse was an ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Amongst other things he calculated pi and developed the Archimedes screw for lifting up water from mines or wells.

2)Cai Lun
(50–121 CE), Chinese inventor of paper. Cai Lun was a Chinese political administrator credited with inventing modern paper and inventing the paper-making process. His invention included the use of raw materials such as bark, hemp, silk and fishing net. The sheets of fibre were suspended in water before removing for drying.

3)Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519) Italian artist, scientist and polymath. Da Vinci invented a huge range of machines and drew models that proved workable 3-500 years later. These included prototype parachutes, tanks, flying machines and single-span bridges. More practical inventions included an optical lens grinder and various hydraulic machines.

4)Galileo (1564–1642) Italian scientist. Galileo developed a powerful telescope and confirmed revolutionary theories about the nature of the world. Also developed an improved compass.

5)Sir Isaac Newton
(1642–1726) English scientist. Newton invented the reflecting telescope. This greatly improved the capacity of telescopes and reduced optical distortion. Newton was also a great physicist and astronomer.

6)Thomas Savery (c. 1650–1715) English inventor. Savery patented one of the first steam engines which was pioneered for use in pumping water from mines. This original Savery steam engine was basic, but it was used as a starting point in later developments of the steam engine.

7)Thomas Newcomen (1664–1729) English inventor who created the first practical steam engine for pumping water from mines. He worked with Savery’s initial design, but significantly improved it, using atmospheric pressure which was safer and more effective for use in mines to remove water.

8)Jethro Tull
(1674–1741) English agricultural entrepreneur. Tull invented the seed drill and horse-drawn hoe. The seed drill improved the efficiency of farming and led to increased yields. It was an important invention in the agricultural revolution which increased yields prior to the industrial revolution.

9)Abraham Darby (1678–1717) English Quaker, inventor and businessman. Darby developed a process for producing large quantities of pig iron from coke. Coke smelted iron was a crucial raw material in the industrial revolution.

10)Benjamin Franklin (1705–1790) American polymath who discovered electricity and invented the Franklin stove, the lightning rod and bifocals. Franklin was also an American statesman and an influential figure in the development of modern America.

11)William Cullen
(1710–1790) Scottish physician and chemist. He is credited with inventing the basis for the first artificial refrigerator, although it took others to make his designs suitable for practical use.

12)John Wilkinson (1728–1808) English industrialist. John ‘Iron Mad’ Wilkinson developed the manufacture and use of cast iron. These precision-made cast iron cylinders were important in steam engines.

13)Sir Richard Arkwright (1732–1792) English entrepreneur and ‘father of the industrial revolution.’ Arkwright was a leading pioneer in the spinning industry. He invented the spinning frame and was successful in using this in mass-scale factory production.

14)James Watt (1736–1819) Scottish inventor of the steam engine, which was suitable for use in trains. His invention of a separate condensing chamber greatly improved the efficiency of steam. It enabled the steam engine to be used for a greater range of purpose than just pumping water.

15)John Harrison (1693–1776) English carpenter and clockmaker. He invented a device for measuring longitude at sea. This was a crucial invention to improve the safety of navigating the oceans.

16)Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), Italian physicist, credited with inventing the battery. Volta invented the first electrochemical battery cell. It used zinc, copper and an electrolyte, such as sulphuric acid and water.

17)Sir Humphrey Davy (1778–1829) English inventor of the Davy lamp. The lamp could be used by miners in areas where methane gas existed because the design prevented a flame escaping the fine gauze.

18)Charles Babbage (1791–1871) English mathematician and inventor. Babbage created the first mechanical computer, which proved to be the prototype for future computers. Considered to be the ‘Father of Computers,’ despite not finishing a working model.

19)Michael Faraday (1791–1867) English scientist who helped convert electricity into a format that could be easily used. Faraday discovered benzene and also invented an early form of the Bunsen burner.

20)Samuel Morse
(1791–1872) American inventor Morse used principles of Jackson’s electromagnet to develop a single telegraph wire. He also invented Morse code, a method of communicating via telegraph.

Answer 2

1.John Logie Baird-first practical television.
2.Karl Benz-first self propelled,gasoline powered automobile.
3.Karl Friedrich von Drais-a pedal less early version of the bicycle.
4.Karlheinz Brandenburg-co-inventor of MP3 technology.
5.Konrad Zuse-first working ,programmable , electromechanical computer.
6.Laszlo Jozsef Biro-the ballpoint pen.
7.Percy Spencer-microwave oven.
8.Peter Henlein-pocket watch.
9.Rudolf Diesel-compression combustion engine.
10.Rudolf Hell-fax machine(Hellschreiber).
11.Thomas Edison-electric bulb.
12.William Henry Parkin-a synthetic aniline dye-mouveine.
13.Albert Einstein-mass energy equivalence E=mc2.
14.Alexander Fleming-penicillium notatum.
15.Andreas Vesalius-the human skeletal system and muscular system.
16.Aryabata-value of pi to 3.1416......
17.Antonie van Leeunwenhook-microscope.
18.Archimedes-archimedean screw.
19.Benjamin Franklin-lightning rod and bifocals.
20.Eli Whitney-cotton gin.
21.Elias Howe-the sewing machine.
22.Emile Berliner-phonograph records.
23.Felix Hoffmann-aspirin and heroin.
24.Fritz Pfleumer-magnetic tape.
25.Galileo Galilei-telescope.
26.Garrett Augustus Morgan-the traffic signal and a version of the gas mask.
27.Hans von Ohain-jet engine.
28.Heinrich Focke-first practicably functional helicoptor.
29.Jagadish Chandra Bose-crescograph.
30.Johann Philipp Reis-an early version of telephone.
i hope it helps you.

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