Describe about the third generation computer.
Answers
The period of third generation was from 1965-1971. The computers of third generation used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable, and efficient. In this generation remote processing, time-sharing, multiprogramming operating system were used. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation
The main features of third generation are −
1.IC used
2.More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
3.Smaller size
4.Generated less heat
5.Faster
6.Lesser maintenance
7.Costly
8.AC required
9.Consumed lesser electricity
10.Supported high-level language
Some computers of this generation were −
IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP (Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
A formal language which is designed to communicate our instructions to the computer is called programming language.
There are 4 generation of programming languages they are :-
- First generation languages (1 GLs)
- Second generation of languages (2 GLs)
- Third generation of languages (3 GLs)
- Fourth generation of language (4 GLs)
FIRST GENERATION OF LANGUAGES
This type of languages uses binary code i.e. only 0 and 1 which was very difficult to understand. This language is also known as Machine language.
SECOND GENERATION OF LANGUAGES
This type of languages use very short words as commands. This languages use codes which are known as mnemonic codes. This languages are known as Assembly languages.
THIRD GENERATION OF LANGUAGES
These are portable or machine-independent languages. This computers languages are also called as high-level languages. Example :- C, BASIC and Pascal.
FOURTH GENERATION OF LANGUAGES
It is more advanced than high-level languages and therefore called Very high-level languages. These languages uses commands which are like short English phases. Example :- SQL, Visual Basic and Java.