Question

Describe an expression for the variation of mass with velocity for a
relativistic particle.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Much of the formalism in specialrelativity is intimately bound up with Einstein's formula for the variation of mass m with its velocity v, namely m ( v ) = m 0 ∗ [ 1 - ( v / c ) 2 ] - 1 / 2 , where m is the mass, v the velocity, c denotes the speed of light and m 0 ∗ denotes the rest mass, noting that in these papers, ...

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Answer 2

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According to Newtonian mechanics the mass of a body does not change with velocity. However, conservation laws, especially here the law of conservation of momentum, hold for any inertial system. Hence, in order to maintain the momentum conserved in any isolated system, mass of the body must be related to its velocity. So according to Einstein, the mass of the body in motion is different from the mass of the body at rest.

Collision between masses viewed from stationary and moving frames of reference .

We now consider the collision of two bodies in S’ and view it from the S. Let the two particles of masses m1 and m2 are travelling with velocity u ‘ and-u ‘ parallel to x-axis in S’. The two bodies collide and after collision they coalesced into one body.

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☆ In System S : Before Collision:

Mass of bodies are m1 and m2• Let the their velocities be u1 and u2 respectively.

☆ In System S: After Collision:

Mass of the coalesced body is (m1+ m2) and the velocity Is v .

⇒Using law of addition of velocities

Applying the principle of conservation of momentum of the system before and after the collision, we have,

m1 u1 +m2 u2 = (m1 +m2)v

Now, using equations (1) and (2), we have

M1/m2 = [√ 1-(u2 /c)2 /√ 1-(u1 /c)2 ]

Let the body of mass m2 is moving with zero velocity in S before collision, i.e., u2 = 0,

hence, using equation (3), we have,

m1 /m2 = 1 / √ 1-(u1/c)2

Using common notation as m1= m, m2 = m 0 , u1 = v, we have by using equation (4).

This is the relativistic formula for variation of mass with velocity, where m 0 is the rest mass and m is the relativistic mass of the body. There are a large numbers of experimental observations of this enhancement of mass of particles in high energy physics

(i) When v << c

v2 << c2, v 2 / c2 is negligible as compared to 1 => c m =m0

When velocity of the moving particle is much smaller as compared to velocity of light, relativistic mass equals the rest mass.

(ii) When v= c

V2 =c2 ,v2 /c2 =1 => [1- v2 /c2 ] ,< 1 => m >m0

When velocity of the moving particle is comparable to velocity of light, relativistic mass of the body appears to be greater than the rest mass.

(iii) When v = c

V2 =c2 , v2 /c2 =1 => m

When velocity of the moving particle is exactly equal to velocity of light, relativistic mass of the body appears to be infinite and this is an impractical concept.

(iv) When v > c

V2 > > c2 ,v2 /c2 > 0 m = Imaginary

When velocity of the moving particle is greater as compared to velocity of light., relativistic mass becomes imaginary and this is an impractical concept.

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