Question

Describe and explain how thermal energy is transferred upwards through the water?

Answer 1

Answer:

through Convection

Explanation:

look, thermal energy can be transferred from one place to another by 3 ways::

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Conduction involves tha molecular vibration of atoms fixed at their equilibrium postion in a solid.

Radiation is thermal energy transfer by electromagnetic waves.

in CONVECTION, suppose a jar filled with water and it is being heated, the molecues or atoms at the bottom will recieve heat very firstly from the heating source. not heating means enhanced molecular/atomic vibrations. due to this enhanced vibrations, the density of atoms / molecues decreases. it is because few ball at rest are to be kept at some space then it will occupy lesser volume than the balls which are moving. this makes density lower.

now that portion of water which has got heated and less dense tends to move upwards bcz high dense water is there to come down and occupy the space( similar to sinking of dense materials than lighter one, under the effect of gravity).

now that water also get same process and again it moves upwards and thus cycle continue and water gets heated.