Question

Describe and illustrate with an example, a detergent.

Answer 1

Cleaning agent that helps to remove dirt and grease from porous surfaces (such as fabrics, clothes, non-treated wood) and/or non-porous surfaces (such as metals, plastics, treated wood). All detergents are made principally of soaps or surfactants.

Answer 2

detergent is produced from sodium chloride in the following steps-

1-A cold and concentrate solution of sodium chloride (brine)is reacted with ammonia and carbon dioxide to obtain sodium hydrogencarbonate:

Nacl+NH3+H2O+CO2NaHCO3+NH4Cl sodium hydrogencarbonate formed is only slightly soluble in water,so it precipitates out as a solid

2-sodium hydrogencarbonate is separated by filtration, dried and heated. On heating, sodium hydrogencarbonate decompose to form sodium carbonate:

2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+CO2+H2O

the unhydrous sodium carbonate obtain here is called soda ash.

3-anhydrous sodium carbonate is dissolved in water and recrystallised to get washing soda srystals containing 10 molecule of water:

Na2C03+10H20=Na2CO3.10H2O (WASHING SODA).