Question

Describe any two methods of preparation
of Benzene? Explain the halogenation,
alkylation, acylation, nitration and
sulphonation of Benzene.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Step 1: Nitric acid accepts a proton from sulphuric acid and then dissociates to form nitronium ion. Step 2: The nitronium ion acts as an electrophile in the process which further reacts with benzene to form an arenium ion. Step 3: The arenium ion then loses its proton to Lewis base forming nitrobenzene.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Since benzene is reluctant to nucleophilic reactions because of its high electron cloud density. The presence of a catalyst helps in the evolution of the cation which would attack the benzene ring and form the desired product..

For example consider the simple halogenation reaction.. Normally HCl dissociates to give H+ and Cl

But here due to presence of Fe (iron) catalyst. Cl+ or chlorine cation is evolved..Which forms chlorobenzene...

This would not be possible without the presence of the catalyst iron..this is the role of catalyst in elelctrophilic reactions of benzene.

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