Describe any two types of soil selecting one from each category (1. weathered 2.deposited)
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Soil is a valuable natural resource of India. Indian agriculture depends on the qualities of soil upto some extent. The various types of soils found in India are Alluvial Soil, Laterite Soil, Black Soil, Red Soil, Desert Soil and Mountain Soil.
Black Soil :-
Black soil is formed by the cooling of lava and weathering of lava (igneous rocks) after a volcanic eruption. The soil in the Deccan Plateau consist of Black Basalt Soil, which is rich in humus, iron and also contains high quality of magnesia, lime and alumina. The texture and composition of this soil is formed by lava - the breakdown of igneous rocks. Weathering of lava rock is a chemical decomposition and physical disintegration of rocks into soil. Black soil is also known as 'Black Cotton Soil'. It is black in colour because of the iron content in it. It has fine textures and it is clayey in nature. Black Soil is found in the states of Maharashtra, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Alluvial Soil :-
Material deposited by rivers, winds, glaciers and seas waves are called alluvium and soils formed made up of alluvium are known as alluvial soils. In India, alluvial soils are mainly found on the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plains, Coastal Plains and the broad river valleys of Southern India. They are also found along the river basins of some plateau and mountain regions. In the Indo-Gangetic plain, there are two types of alluvial soils found. The old alluvial soils are clayey and sticky, have a dark colour, contain nodules of lime concretion and are found to lie on slightly elevated lands. The new alluvial soils are lighter in colour and occur in the deltas and the flood plains. In comparison to the old alluvial soils, the new alluvial soils are very fertile. It is best for crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, jute, oil seeds and pulses.
Black Soil :-
Black soil is formed by the cooling of lava and weathering of lava (igneous rocks) after a volcanic eruption. The soil in the Deccan Plateau consist of Black Basalt Soil, which is rich in humus, iron and also contains high quality of magnesia, lime and alumina. The texture and composition of this soil is formed by lava - the breakdown of igneous rocks. Weathering of lava rock is a chemical decomposition and physical disintegration of rocks into soil. Black soil is also known as 'Black Cotton Soil'. It is black in colour because of the iron content in it. It has fine textures and it is clayey in nature. Black Soil is found in the states of Maharashtra, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Alluvial Soil :-
Material deposited by rivers, winds, glaciers and seas waves are called alluvium and soils formed made up of alluvium are known as alluvial soils. In India, alluvial soils are mainly found on the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plains, Coastal Plains and the broad river valleys of Southern India. They are also found along the river basins of some plateau and mountain regions. In the Indo-Gangetic plain, there are two types of alluvial soils found. The old alluvial soils are clayey and sticky, have a dark colour, contain nodules of lime concretion and are found to lie on slightly elevated lands. The new alluvial soils are lighter in colour and occur in the deltas and the flood plains. In comparison to the old alluvial soils, the new alluvial soils are very fertile. It is best for crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, jute, oil seeds and pulses.
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