Describe Arabian sea branch and bay of bengal branch of monsoons
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Arabian Sea has major role in onset ofmonsoon (forming cell with Mascarene's high in Indian ocean) and thus this main Arabian Sea branch of S-W monsoon breaks into twobranches as Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch near southern tip of Indian subcontinent.
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After the summer season, rainy season starts with the onset of the south west monsoon. The high temperature gives rise to low pressure and by the end of May a large area of low pressure is formed over the North West part of the country. At the same time, the oceans become cool and a high pressure area develops over the oceans. Winds always blow from high pressure to low pressure. These winds are called the South East Monsoons.
When they cross the equator, they get deflected and blow as Southwest Monsoon. These South West Monsoon winds are moisture laden winds because it originates from Indian Ocean. When it approaches the Southern part of Kerala it rains with violent thunderstorms indicating the onset of the monsoon. The occurrence of heavy rainfall all of a sudden with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “monsoon burst”.
The Southwest Monsoon is normally divided into two branches because of the peninsular shape of the country. They are Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
The Arabian Sea branch gradually advances northwards. It reaches Mumbai by 10th June.
The Bay of Bengal branch spreads rather rapidly over most of Assam. The normal date of its arrival at Kolkata is 7th June.
On reaching the foothills of the Himalayas the Bay branch is deflected westward by the Himalayan barrier and it advances up the Gangetic plain.
The two branches merge with each other mostly around Delhi to form a single current.
Both the branches reach Delhi more or less at the same time.
The combined current gradually extends to west Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and finally to Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir.
By the end of June the monsoon is usually established over most parts of the country.
By mid-July, the monsoon extends into Kashmir and the remaining parts of the country.
By this time it reaches Kashmir, it has shed most of its moisture.
Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon is much powerful than the Bay of Bengal branch for reasons:
The Arabian Sea is larger than the Bay of Bengal, and
the entire Arabian Sea current advances towards India, whereas only a part of the Bay of Bengal current enters India, the remainder proceeding to Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia.
The Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoons is divided into three distinct streams on arriving in the mainland of India.
The first stream strikes the west coast of India and gives extremely heavy rainfall of over 250 cm. It strike perpendicular to Western Ghats causing plentiful Orographic Rainfall [400 to 500 cm annual rainfall on the windward side].
Rainfall is drastically reduced to about 30-50 cm on the leeward side of the crest.
There is a narrow belt of marked aridity on the immediate leeward side of the Western Ghats. But once it is passed, the air starts rising again and the amount of rainfall increases further east.
The second stream enters Narmada—Tapi troughs
(narrow rift valley) and reaches central India. It does not cause much rain near the coast due to the absence of major orographic obstacle across the rift. Some parts of central India receive rainfall from this stream (Ex: Nagpur).
The third stream moves parallel to the Aravali Range without causing much rainfall. Consequently the whole of Rajasthan is a desert area.
However, some orographic effect is occurs on the south-eastern edge of the Aravali Range. Mt. Abu gets about 170 cm rainfall while the surrounding plains have only 60 to 80 cm rainfall.
The Bay of Bengal Branch of the southwest monsoon is divided into two distinct streams.
The first stream crosses the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta and reaches Meghalaya. Here that the orographic effect results in intense rainfall. Cherrapunji receives an annual rainfall of 1,102 cm, major portion of which occurs from June to August.
Mawsynram (present champion) located at 1,329 m above sea level just 16 km to the west of Cherrapunji (X champion)records higher annual rainfall of 1,221 cm.
Both the stations are located on the southern slopes of the Khasi hills at the northern end of a deep valley running from south to north.
The second stream of the Bay of Bengal branch moves along Himalayan foothillsas they are deflected to the west by the Himalaya and brings widespread rainfall to Ganga plain.
The rainfall by this stream is characterized by a steady decline as we move from east to west up the plain. [Previous Prelims Question]
The Tamil Nadu coast remains relatively dry during the south-west monsoon period because of
rain shadow effect of the Arabian Sea current and
Bay of Bengal current which flows parallel to the coast.
When they cross the equator, they get deflected and blow as Southwest Monsoon. These South West Monsoon winds are moisture laden winds because it originates from Indian Ocean. When it approaches the Southern part of Kerala it rains with violent thunderstorms indicating the onset of the monsoon. The occurrence of heavy rainfall all of a sudden with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “monsoon burst”.
The Southwest Monsoon is normally divided into two branches because of the peninsular shape of the country. They are Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
The Arabian Sea branch gradually advances northwards. It reaches Mumbai by 10th June.
The Bay of Bengal branch spreads rather rapidly over most of Assam. The normal date of its arrival at Kolkata is 7th June.
On reaching the foothills of the Himalayas the Bay branch is deflected westward by the Himalayan barrier and it advances up the Gangetic plain.
The two branches merge with each other mostly around Delhi to form a single current.
Both the branches reach Delhi more or less at the same time.
The combined current gradually extends to west Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and finally to Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir.
By the end of June the monsoon is usually established over most parts of the country.
By mid-July, the monsoon extends into Kashmir and the remaining parts of the country.
By this time it reaches Kashmir, it has shed most of its moisture.
Arabian Sea branch of the monsoon is much powerful than the Bay of Bengal branch for reasons:
The Arabian Sea is larger than the Bay of Bengal, and
the entire Arabian Sea current advances towards India, whereas only a part of the Bay of Bengal current enters India, the remainder proceeding to Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia.
The Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoons is divided into three distinct streams on arriving in the mainland of India.
The first stream strikes the west coast of India and gives extremely heavy rainfall of over 250 cm. It strike perpendicular to Western Ghats causing plentiful Orographic Rainfall [400 to 500 cm annual rainfall on the windward side].
Rainfall is drastically reduced to about 30-50 cm on the leeward side of the crest.
There is a narrow belt of marked aridity on the immediate leeward side of the Western Ghats. But once it is passed, the air starts rising again and the amount of rainfall increases further east.
The second stream enters Narmada—Tapi troughs
(narrow rift valley) and reaches central India. It does not cause much rain near the coast due to the absence of major orographic obstacle across the rift. Some parts of central India receive rainfall from this stream (Ex: Nagpur).
The third stream moves parallel to the Aravali Range without causing much rainfall. Consequently the whole of Rajasthan is a desert area.
However, some orographic effect is occurs on the south-eastern edge of the Aravali Range. Mt. Abu gets about 170 cm rainfall while the surrounding plains have only 60 to 80 cm rainfall.
The Bay of Bengal Branch of the southwest monsoon is divided into two distinct streams.
The first stream crosses the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta and reaches Meghalaya. Here that the orographic effect results in intense rainfall. Cherrapunji receives an annual rainfall of 1,102 cm, major portion of which occurs from June to August.
Mawsynram (present champion) located at 1,329 m above sea level just 16 km to the west of Cherrapunji (X champion)records higher annual rainfall of 1,221 cm.
Both the stations are located on the southern slopes of the Khasi hills at the northern end of a deep valley running from south to north.
The second stream of the Bay of Bengal branch moves along Himalayan foothillsas they are deflected to the west by the Himalaya and brings widespread rainfall to Ganga plain.
The rainfall by this stream is characterized by a steady decline as we move from east to west up the plain. [Previous Prelims Question]
The Tamil Nadu coast remains relatively dry during the south-west monsoon period because of
rain shadow effect of the Arabian Sea current and
Bay of Bengal current which flows parallel to the coast.
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