Describe biological importance of Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions.
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Biological Importance or Significance of Magnesium
Magnesium is essential for the activity of the various enzymes such as enzymes of glycolysis.
It is the central atom present in chlorophyll (plant pigment necessary for photosynthesis).
It is a cofactor for the breakdown of the fats and glucose.
It is essential for the synthesis of the energy currency of the cell, that is, ATP.
Responsible for the stability and synthesis of DNA.
Maintains the electrolyte balance in the body.
Magnesium deficiency is associated with sleep disorder.
Deficiency also leads to abnormal heart rhythms.
Uses of Magnesium
Magnesium alloys such as duralumin and magnalium are used in making flares, fuse for thermite.
In manufacturing of engine parts and wheels.
Preparation of malleable cast iron.
Used to remove Sulphur during production of iron and steel.
As a reducing agent to separate uranium from the mixture of other elements.
It is also needed for blood glucose control.
Biological Importance of Calcium
Important component of cell wall. It is present in the middle lamellae in the form of calcium pectate.
Calcium rich foodMaintains the anionic balance in the plant vacuole.
Used to stabilize the permeability of cell membranes.
Important for structure and function of proteins.
Essential component during blood clotting.
It also brings about muscle contraction.
Calcium acts as secondary messenger during cell signaling.
Helps in proper heart and nerve functions.
Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth.
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