describe briefly the modern methods of harvesting
Answers
Methods Involved in Harvesting and Storage of Crops!
Harvesting:The process of cutting and gathering a crop is called harvesting. The traditional implement used to harvest a crop is the sickle. Modern farms use a harvester, which cuts the crop. A harvester can be combined with other machinery that threshes and cleans the grain as well. It is then called a combine harvester or combine.
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After the crop is gathered, the grain is separated by a process called threshing. This can be done manually by striking the crop against a hard surface or by making farm animals trample over the crop.
A machine called a thresher is used to do the job in modern farms, else combines are used to harvest, thresh and winnow. Winnowing means separating the outer cover, or chaff, from the grain. It can be done manually, by dropping the grain and chaff from a height, and letting the wind blow away the chaff.
Storage:Cereals and pulses can be stored much longer than fruit and vegetables, which spoil easily. Spoilage, depends to a great extent on the moisture content of the food to be stored. The way grains are stored, thus, differs from the way fruit and vegetables are stored.
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Harvested grains are usually dried before being stored because moisture encourages the growth of microorganisms. They are then stored in metal or earthen containers, gunny bags or grain silos. The godowns where grains are stored are first fumigated to get rid of pests. Fumigation is the process of using the vapours of a chemical to get rid of pests and infections. The chemical can be sprayed using hand-operated machines.
The stored grains are inspected from time to time to make sure that they are free from diseases and pests. This is why spaces are left between stacks of gunny sacks stored in godowns. Grain silos are tall structures built in such a way that grains can be stored at different levels. Each level has an opening through which the grain can be taken out when required.
In our country, grains are stored on a large scale in government-owned godowns. The stored grains are meant to last for the period between two harvests, as well as to provide food in case there is a crop failure in a particular year. A crop failure means a poor harvest (or no harvest) due to reasons like floods, drought or disease. Grains stocked for such emergencies are called a buffer stock.
Cold storage:Fruit and vegetables are stored in cold storages, where the temperature is maintained between 0°C and 4°C. This discourages the growth of microorganisms. It also stops the enzymes present in the fruit and vegetables from spoiling them.
However, if the temperature becomes too low, the stored fruit and vegetables can get destroyed. The other thing that has to be controlled in a cold storage is humidity. The humidity is kept pretty high because fruit and vegetables lose moisture when the humidity is low.
Care has to be taken to see that the fruit and vegetables to be stored are absolutely clean and not damaged in any way. They are usually packed in crates, racks or trays, which are stacked one on top of the other with plenty of space for the circulation of air. The cold store has to be kept clean and the doors must not be opened too often.
The following are the modern methods of harvesting:
Explanation:
1. Clearfell harvesting: In this method the harvesting removes the large number of trees from the site to obtain the timber.
2. Regrow retention harvesting: This method is used some areas are left without clear cutting to all the native animals to utilize the habitat.
3. Single tree selection harvesting: In this single or small group of trees are chosen and are selectively removed.
4. Thinning: In this method small trees are removed from the forests which allows the remaining trees to grow more quickly.
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