Describe how the arabs conquired sindh and explain the impact of their invasion on india
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Answer:
The rise of Islam in India began with the conquest of Sind, one of the provinces of the present day Pakistan and also one of the oldest Indus Valley civilisations, by the Arabs. Among the Muslims, the first to conquer the territories of India were the Arabs. They, by spreading Islam, attained their political and religious unity in India. The conquest of Sind was successful after a number of attempts. It was under the leadership of Mohammad-bin-Qasim, that Sind, then a part of India along the Indus River (now in Pakistan) was conquered. Muhammad-bin-Qasim was an Umayyad general who conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions at a very young age of 17. Even today, Sind invasion is considered as one of the world's historic marvels as it led to the spread of Islam in South Asia and the Muslim communities in India. Today, Sind is given the nick name "Bab-e-Islam", the meaning of which is "The Gateway of Islam".
The rise of Islam in India began with the conquest of Sind, one of the provinces of the present day Pakistan and also one of the oldest Indus Valley civilisations, by the Arabs. Among the Muslims, the first to conquer the territories of India were the Arabs. They, by spreading Islam, attained their political and religious unity in India. The conquest of Sind was successful after a number of attempts. It was under the leadership of Mohammad-bin-Qasim, that Sind, then a part of India along the Indus River (now in Pakistan) was conquered. Muhammad-bin-Qasim was an Umayyad general who conquered the Sindh and Punjab regions at a very young age of 17. Even today, Sind invasion is considered as one of the world's historic marvels as it led to the spread of Islam in South Asia and the Muslim communities in India. Today, Sind is given the nick name "Bab-e-Islam", the meaning of which is "The Gateway of Islam".
Though the Arabs had failed in their first two attempts to conquer Sind and the other Indian territories, in the third attempt, King Dahir could not restrain the powerful army of Mohammand-bin-Qasim. In 712 A.D., when Qasim crossed the river Indus, Dahir had already gathered with an army of 50,000 horses and went from Bahmanabad to Rawar to meet him. Both the armies lay opposite to one another and it was a ferocious battle. On the fateful day, Dahir mounted his elephant and marched towards the enemy but an Arab soldier succeeded in shooting Dahir's elephant with an arrow attached with burning cotton. This terrified the animal and it fled towards the river, which was already been enclosed by the enemy soldiers. Dahir, ultimately had to face death, though he had put up a brave fight against the Arabs.
The larger implications of the battle
Though Qasim had conquered few territories, the Arabs failed to expand their territories beyond Multan and Sind. So logically, the Arabs could conquer only a small portion of India. To check the invasion of the Arabs in other parts of India, there were Rajput rulers of the North and of the East. As a matter of fact, for most historians, the conquest of Sind by the Arabs was not a major conquest, but of course it laid the foundation of Islam religion in India. The Arabs did not bring about any new system of administration. Qasim established good administrative structure, peace and order in the places he conquered. He respected other religions, though there were instances of poor Hindus being converted to Muslims. The reason being, he helped the poor people who were impressed by his ruling policies, which made them embrace Islam. During his rule, the Hindu and Buddhist spiritualists were given stipends.
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