Describe how to control the risks of using ethanol.
Answers
Answer:
Ethanol’s Effects on Health
The effects of ethanol on health are observed in those who consume excessive alcoholic beverages: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, even respiratory paralysis. Apart from the symptoms of intoxication observed in the short term, excessive and regular alcohol consumption has proved hazardous to health in the medium and long term.
In fact, toxicologists and epidemiologists have acquired good knowledge of the effects and mechanisms of ethanol ingestion. Liver cirrhosis, cancers, nervous system disorders, and foetal alcohol syndrome are the most serious pathologies caused by excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (INSERM, 2001).
It has also been recognised that inhalation of or skin contact with ethanol vapours can be a source of localised irritation.
For these reasons, the Agency has studied the risks resulting from inhalation of ethanol vapour and/or from skin contact for the general population as well as in the workplace.
The Agency’s work
The goal of the Agency’s work is to determine whether people who are exposed to ethanol, by skin contact and/or inhalation, at low concentrations at work or at home, have increased health risks (reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc.).
Therefore, for both the working population and the general population, this involves:
Assessing health risksConsidering, if necessary, appropriate risk reduction measuresIdentifying possible substitutes for ethanol.
This work was carried out by the Agency’s Expert Committee on Assessment of the Risks Related to Chemical Substances, and a specific working group was formed that brought together ten expert toxicologists, doctors and chemists.
To accomplish this expert appraisal, three complementary projects were conducted:
A summary of the health effects of ethanol, at low doses, both by inhalation and skin contact, was drawn up.To examine the situations of exposure to ethanol for working and general populations, the Agency collected information on ethanol supply chains, occupational activities using ethanol, and consumer products containing ethanol.To determine exposure levels in both populations, the values of occupational exposure to ethanol were collected from the scientific literature by identifying exposure levels observed in companies and by retrieving data contained in the COLCHIC database. Exposure of the general population was estimated by the working group on the basis of knowledge about the products and their methods of use, and from likely exposure scenarios. The risk assessment for ethanol in cosmetics was conducted by AFSSAPS and taken into account in the Agency’s studies. Acute exposure related to the application of a DIY product rich in ethanol (such as shellac or ‘French polish’) was also estimated, although its use by the general population is not common. Chronic exposure to ethanol was estimated from data of atmospheric concentrations measured in indoor and outdoor environments in Canada, due to the lack of French data. On this basis, the risk assessment was conducted by comparing measured or estimated exposure levels that could lead to potential health effects.
Finally, measures to reduce risks, including the possibility of ethanol substitutes, were compiled into a collection of best practices and experiences for workers.
Explanation:
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Answer
Use the smallest volume possible; wear eye protection. Make sure the room is well ventilated. Check that equipment for extinguishing fires is nearby, eg, damp cloth, bench mat, fire blanket.
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