Question

Describe in brief any two repercussions of communalism.

Answer 1

Answer:

Communalism usually refers to a system that integrates communal ownership and federations of highly localized independent communities. A prominent libertarian socialist, Murray Bookchin, defines the communalist political philosophy that he developed as "a theory of government or a system of government in which independent communes participate in a federation", as well as "the principles and practice of communal ownership". The term 'government' in this case does not imply acceptance of a state or top-down hierarchy.[1][2]

This usage of communalism appears to have emerged during the late 20th century to distinguish commune-based systems from other political movements or governments espousing (if not actually practicing) similar ideas. In particular, earlier communities and movements advocating such practices were often described as "anarchist", "socialist" or "communist".[3]

Many historical communities practicing utopian socialism or anarcho-communism did implement internal rules of communalist property ownership in the context of federated communalism. It is at least theoretically possible for a federation of communes to include communes which do not practice communalist rules of property, which is to say, that the overall national government may be a federation of communes, but that private property rather than communalist property is the order within each such commune. Karl Marx, often viewed as the founder of modern communism, criticized older forms, including primitive communism or utopian socialism, as poorly conceived or prone to disintegration in practice.[4]

Answer 2

Two repercussions of communalism are mentioned below :

• Indian Muslims Disapproval

- One of the major reason is the isolation of the muslims from the mainstream political issues of the government.

- They weren't interested in taking part of contesting elections and thought themselves to be a separate community inspite of living in India.

• Increment in poverty status

- All the low wage workers , peasants and labours suffered heavy loss due to the fact that they had to pay high amount of taxes to the zamindars.