Describe in detail the structure of brain classify the part of fore brain
Answers
A human brain is composed of three main parts- the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain. These three parts have specific functions.
Forebrain: This consists of the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus.
Midbrain: Consists of the tectum and tegmentum.
Hindbrain: Is made of the cerebellum, medulla, and pons.
Forebrain – The cerebrum
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain which consists of the cerebral cortex and other subcortical structures.It is composed of two cerebral hemispheres that are joined together by heavy dense bands of fiber called the corpus callosum. It is further divided into four sections or lobes :
Frontal lobe: It is associated with parts of speech, planning, reasoning, problem-solving and movement.
Parietal lobe: Helps in movement, the perception of stimuli and orientation.
Occipital lobe: Related to visual processing.
Temporal lobe: Related to perception and recognition of memory, auditory stimuli, and speech.
The exterior portion of the cerebrum is the cortex, it consists of the neurons cells which are grey in color, hence are also referred as the grey matter. The internal part of the cerebrum is the medulla, it comprises of the neurons cells which are white in color. The cortex is extremely convoluted that increase its surface area.The cerebrum also includes
Sensory areas: It is to receive the messages.
Association areas: It is to associate the information with the previous and other sensory information.
Motor areas: It is responsible for the action of the voluntary muscles.
The cerebrum is also responsible for the thinking, intelligence, consciousness, memory, and willpower.
Forebrain -Thalamus
An area which coordinates the sensory impulses receiving from the various sense organs including eyes, ears, skin, etc. and then transmits it to the cerebrum. Thalamus is found in the limbic system within the cerebrum. This limbic system is mainly responsible for the formation of new memories and storing past experiences.
Forebrain -Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a small and important part of the brain, located exactly below the thalamus of the limbic system within the cerebrum. It is considered as a most important region of the brain as it is involved in :
Controlling the mood and emotions.
Receiving the impulses, sense of taste and smell.
Coordinating the messages from the autonomous nervous system.
Synthesizing of body’s essential hormones.
Controlling the body temperature, peristalsis, rate of heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Forming an axis with the pituitary which is the main link between the nervous and the endocrine systems.