Question

Describe India in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds)
Describe physical factors in the study area (India) e.g. biodiversity (vegetation
types, wild flora and fauna) and demographic and related social aspects).​

Answer 1

Answer:

it's 2nd part answer related to flora and fauna

Answer 2

India lies between latitudes (8°4′ N) and (37°6’N) and longitudes (68°7′ E) and (97°25′ E). The physical factors of India are described below.

Explanation:

1. India is situated in the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia and lies completely in both the northern hemisphere and eastern hemisphere.

2. India lies between latitudes (8°4′ N) and (37°6’N) and longitudes (68°7′ E) and (97°25′ E).

3. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) divides India into two equal parts. The upper half has a cooler climate and the lower half has a tropical climate.

4, Demographic factors of India are as follows.

i) Himalayan Mountains

• The northernmost landscape of the country highlights the fold mountains of the Himalayas.
• Though geologically young, the Himalayan Mountains are the loftiest and the most rugged in the world.
• Since they stretch across 2500 KM from Kashmir in the north, through Arunachal Pradesh in the North East, these mountains form an arc. This helps keep the cold arctic winds from reaching the tropical landmass.

ii) Northern Plains

• The three major river systems of India- Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries have fed the foothills of the Himalayas.
• Since these river basins had a huge amount of alluvial deposits from these glacial rivers, these regions grew fertile over hundreds of years and led to the Northern Plains.

iii) Peninsular Plateau

• The oldest landmass of India, the Peninsular Plateau was the result of the tectonic shifts of the Gondwana Land.

iv) Indian Desert

• The undulating sandy plains covered with sand dunes on the western fringes of the Aravali Hills comprise the Indian Desert. With rainfall as low as 150 mm per annum, this region is the aridest in the country and thus, low on greenery.
• The states of Rajasthan and the northwestern parts of Gujarat collectively form the desert region.

v) Coastal Plains

• Right on the outer edges of the Indian peninsula, lies the narrow strips of the coastal plains.
• These sea fed regions cover the shores of the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Arabian Sea on the West.

vi) Island

• Two groups of islands lie on the two oceans surrounding the main landmass of the subcontinent.
• These most likely complete the physical features of India.
• The island region is divided by the mainland as well as the seas.

5. Flora and Fauna of India are as follows:

i) Indian Flora

• Indian flora consists of a wide variety of indigenous or native plant types, which have economic, religious and cultural significance.
• Abundance of flora adds resplendence to the pristine Indian nature.
• The floral wealth of India ranges from alpine to temperate thorn, thick tropical forests to temperate woods, cone-bearing trees to evergreen trees and scrubs to deciduous forests.
• Indian forests range from tropical rainforests to coniferous forests.
• Other forest types are sal-dominated moist deciduous forest, teak-dominated dry deciduous forest, babul-dominated thorn forest etc.
• There are more than 45000 plant species in India. Indian plants can be grouped into several categories like annual plants, biennial plants, perennial plants, bulb plants, shrubs, herbs, medicinal plants and vines, creepers and climbers.
• Indian trees can be grouped into gardening trees, timber trees, medicinal trees, evergreen trees, deciduous trees, flowering trees, flowerless trees, coastal trees and sacred trees.
• The national tree of India is Banyan tree.
• Mango is officially the national fruit of India, which grows on mango trees.
• Indian flowers present a delightful sight along with their fascinating fragrance.
• Lotus is the national flower of India.
• As per the distribution of flora, the country can be classified into several zones namely, eastern Himalayas, western Himalayas, Indus plain, Ganga plain, Assam, Malabar, Deccan and Andamans.

ii) Indian Fauna

• Indian wildlife comprises of about 410 types of mammals, nearly 1301 species of birds and 30,000 types of insects.
• Further, a broad variety of animals, amphibians, reptiles and fishes are found in India, as per the census estimate.
• Mammals found in India include lions, elephant, rhinoceros, wild bison, deer, monkeys, wild goats, etc.
• The national animal of India is royal Bengal tiger. Reptiles include a large number of lizards, snakes, crocodiles, etc.
• The national bird of India is peacock.
• Some of the common Indian birds are geese ducks, mynas, pigeons, cranes, pheasants, parakeets and hornbills.