describe samudragupta's concuests
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Samudragupta (r. c. 335 – c. 380– CE) was the fourth ruler of the Gupta Empire and the son and successor of Chandragupta I. His rule was one of expansion marked first by the conquest of his immediate neighbours and then by campaigns to the east and the south where chiefdoms and kingdoms were subdued and forced to pay tribute to him. Much of the knowledge of Samudragupta's military exploits comes from the Allahabad Pillar of Ashoka which includes a prashasti (a eulogy) extolling the deeds and virtues of the Gupta emperor. Going by the inscription, Samudragupta exerted direct or indirect control over much of the Indian subcontinent stretching from kingdoms in Nepal and thePunjab in the north all the way to the Pallavakingdom at Kanchipuram in the south-east
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Samudragupta Conquests:
Samudragupta adopted strategic plans for his conquests of the north and the south. He decided to subdue the neighbouring Kingdoms first before going for distant expeditions. His conquest against Aryavarta was his first campaign. He then dashed against Dakhinapatha and in the third phase he marched on the second Aryavarta War. Besides these main invasions Samudragupta also effected the invasion of Atavika or Forest Kingdoms. He also established diplomatic relations with the states situated in the frontiers of the Gupta empire and finally he exchanged political negotiations with distant foreign powers.
In his first campaign in north India, Samudragupta defeated Achyuta, the ruler of Ahichchhator (modern Ramnagar of Bareilly district), Nagasena the ruler of Padmavati (near Marwar) and Mathura. After having made his position secure in the Ganga-Jamuna Valley he turned his attention towards distant territories of the South.
It is very interesting to note that most of the states which Samudragupta subjugated in the South were situated in the eastern part of the Peninsula and on the Malabar Coast. Samudragupta also wanted to get the benefit of the fabulous wealth of the Southern Kingdoms. Fighting at distant places coming from the Gangetic valley was not a easy task and realising the reality he adopted new tactics at the time of South Indian Campaign.
In the southern expedition he encountered with twelve kings and defeated them, set them at liberty and allowed them to rule as feudatory chiefs of the South. This policy of Samudragupta is described as Digvijaya or defeating the enemy kings of the South, Grahana or getting the authority over the kingdoms and then Anugraha allowing them to rule their Kingdoms under his Suzerainty.
In course of his Southern Campaign he humbled as many as twelve princes.
These princes were:
(1) Mahendra of Kosala who ruled over Mahakosala region or the district
(2) Vaghraraja of Mahakantara a forest tract of Gandawana,
(3) Mantraraja of Kaurala (Korada),
(4) Mahendra of Pistapur (Pithapuram region of Godavari district),
(5) Swamidutta of Kottura (Ganjam district of Orissa),
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(6) Damana of Erandapolle. (Erandapolle of Ganjam district),
(7) Visnugopa of Kanchi— Canjeevaram of Madras,
(8) Nataraja of Avamukta (near Godavari),
(9) Hastivarman of Vengi—Ellor region of Andhra Pradesh,
(10) Ugrasena of Palakka—Some parts of Nellor,
(11) Kuvera of Devarastra—Vizagapatam district, and
(12) Dhanajaya of Kusthalapura who ruled over North Arcot.
Samudragupta’s Deccan Campaign is really memorable. He advanced with his army through the dense forest of Madhya Pradesh and covered a distance of 3000 miles and undertook unspeakable hardship. In spite of all adversities he displayed remarkable determination, courage and leadership for which he is often compared with Alexander and sometimes he is assigned with the title of Indian Napoleon.
Allahabad Pillar Inscription reveals that Samudragupta defeated the confederacy of twelve kings in a spitched battle and maintained his supremacy. The policy of treating the defeated enemies liberally was an extraordinary success of his diplomacy. This further highlights the deep political foresight and statesmanship of Samudragupta.
Seeing unparalleled military success many frontier states submitted to Samudragupta and agreed to pay annual tribute. These states were Samtala, South Eastern Bengal, Devaka (northern Assam) Kamrupa (Assam) Nepal, Kartripura (part of Kumaon Garhwal and Rohilkhand). The Allahabad Pillar Inscription confirms the conquests of the frontier states.
There were many independent republican tribes existing on the Western frontier. They were brave, spirited and lover of self-respect. The Allahabad Inscription reveals that nine tribes inhabited in the Punjab, Rajputana and Madhya Bharat etc. submitted to Samudragupta, Malavas, Aijunayanas, Yaudheyas etc.
Samudragupta adopted strategic plans for his conquests of the north and the south. He decided to subdue the neighbouring Kingdoms first before going for distant expeditions. His conquest against Aryavarta was his first campaign. He then dashed against Dakhinapatha and in the third phase he marched on the second Aryavarta War. Besides these main invasions Samudragupta also effected the invasion of Atavika or Forest Kingdoms. He also established diplomatic relations with the states situated in the frontiers of the Gupta empire and finally he exchanged political negotiations with distant foreign powers.
In his first campaign in north India, Samudragupta defeated Achyuta, the ruler of Ahichchhator (modern Ramnagar of Bareilly district), Nagasena the ruler of Padmavati (near Marwar) and Mathura. After having made his position secure in the Ganga-Jamuna Valley he turned his attention towards distant territories of the South.
It is very interesting to note that most of the states which Samudragupta subjugated in the South were situated in the eastern part of the Peninsula and on the Malabar Coast. Samudragupta also wanted to get the benefit of the fabulous wealth of the Southern Kingdoms. Fighting at distant places coming from the Gangetic valley was not a easy task and realising the reality he adopted new tactics at the time of South Indian Campaign.
In the southern expedition he encountered with twelve kings and defeated them, set them at liberty and allowed them to rule as feudatory chiefs of the South. This policy of Samudragupta is described as Digvijaya or defeating the enemy kings of the South, Grahana or getting the authority over the kingdoms and then Anugraha allowing them to rule their Kingdoms under his Suzerainty.
In course of his Southern Campaign he humbled as many as twelve princes.
These princes were:
(1) Mahendra of Kosala who ruled over Mahakosala region or the district
(2) Vaghraraja of Mahakantara a forest tract of Gandawana,
(3) Mantraraja of Kaurala (Korada),
(4) Mahendra of Pistapur (Pithapuram region of Godavari district),
(5) Swamidutta of Kottura (Ganjam district of Orissa),
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(6) Damana of Erandapolle. (Erandapolle of Ganjam district),
(7) Visnugopa of Kanchi— Canjeevaram of Madras,
(8) Nataraja of Avamukta (near Godavari),
(9) Hastivarman of Vengi—Ellor region of Andhra Pradesh,
(10) Ugrasena of Palakka—Some parts of Nellor,
(11) Kuvera of Devarastra—Vizagapatam district, and
(12) Dhanajaya of Kusthalapura who ruled over North Arcot.
Samudragupta’s Deccan Campaign is really memorable. He advanced with his army through the dense forest of Madhya Pradesh and covered a distance of 3000 miles and undertook unspeakable hardship. In spite of all adversities he displayed remarkable determination, courage and leadership for which he is often compared with Alexander and sometimes he is assigned with the title of Indian Napoleon.
Allahabad Pillar Inscription reveals that Samudragupta defeated the confederacy of twelve kings in a spitched battle and maintained his supremacy. The policy of treating the defeated enemies liberally was an extraordinary success of his diplomacy. This further highlights the deep political foresight and statesmanship of Samudragupta.
Seeing unparalleled military success many frontier states submitted to Samudragupta and agreed to pay annual tribute. These states were Samtala, South Eastern Bengal, Devaka (northern Assam) Kamrupa (Assam) Nepal, Kartripura (part of Kumaon Garhwal and Rohilkhand). The Allahabad Pillar Inscription confirms the conquests of the frontier states.
There were many independent republican tribes existing on the Western frontier. They were brave, spirited and lover of self-respect. The Allahabad Inscription reveals that nine tribes inhabited in the Punjab, Rajputana and Madhya Bharat etc. submitted to Samudragupta, Malavas, Aijunayanas, Yaudheyas etc.
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