Question

describe six types of soil available in india

Answer 1

There are six major type of soil found in india:

• Alluvial Soils
• Black Soils
• Red Soils
• Desert Soils
• Laterite Soils
• Mountain Soils

1. Alluvial soil is the important type of soil found in India covering about 40 per cent of the total land area. It is very fertile and contributes the largest share of agricultural wealth. This soil supports nearly half of the Indian population.

1. Black soil is mostly found in the Deccan Trap, covering large areas of Maharashtra, Gujarat and western Madhya Pradesh. It is also found in some parts Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Cotton is the most important crop grown in this soil. The black soil is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.

1. Red soil is found in Tamil Nadu, parts of Karnataka, some parts of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa .Its red colour is due to the high percentage of iron contents.

1. Laterite soil is widely spread in India and is mainly found on Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats.the soil is suitable for producing plantation crops like tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, arecanut, etc. And also provides valuable building materials.

1. Desert soil is found mostly in the arid and semi-arid region like Rajastan and Punjab.

1. Mountain soil is generally found on the hill slopes covered with forests.This soil is especially suitable for producing plantation crops, such as tea, coffee, spices and tropical fruits in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Alluvial Soils:

These are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers. They are rich in humus and very fertile. They are found in Great Northern plain, lower valleys of Narmada and Tapti and Northern Gujarat. These soils are renewed every year.

2. Black Soils:

These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow. It is concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract which includes parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It consists of Lime, Iron, Magnesium and also Potash but lacks in Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Organic matter.

3. Red Soils:

These are derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. Its redness is due to iron composition. When iron content is lower it is yellow or brown. They cover almost the whole of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and parts of Orissa.

4. Laterite Soils:

These soils are formed due to in­tense leaching and are well developed on the sum­mits of hills and uplands. They are commonly found in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.

5. Mountain Soils:

These soils are formed as a result of the accumulation of organic matter derived from forest growth. They are found in Himalayan region and vary in different regions according to altitude. Tea is grown in those areas which receive sufficient rainfall.

6. Desert Soils:

In the desert regions of Rajasthan, soils are not well developed. As evaporation is in excess of rainfall, the soil has a high salt content and saline layer forms a hard crust. These soils are gen­erally sandy and deficient in organic matter.

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