Describe soil formation in 6 points
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Soil consists of a mix of organic material and broken bits of rocks and minerals. This is termed the ‘parent material’- The parent material is the minerals and rocks that are slowly disintegrating to form the soil.
Soil is formed over a long period of time by a number of factors. Soil formation is a long slow process. It's estimated that an inch of soil takes 500 to 1000 years to form.
At Stage One ,This is the rock pulverizing stage. Here the forces of wind, rain, freezing and thawing water, earthquakes, volcanos all work to slowly pulverize rocks into smaller partcles that can make up a soil.
At Stage Two ,This is the early stage of what we might call soil. Here we add some life, specifically lichens.
At Stage Three ,At this time the little pockets of soil have formed to the extent that some larger plants, plants with roots can have a go at growing.
At final stage, The soils are developed enough to support thick vegetation.
Soil is formed over a long period of time by a number of factors. Soil formation is a long slow process. It's estimated that an inch of soil takes 500 to 1000 years to form.
At Stage One ,This is the rock pulverizing stage. Here the forces of wind, rain, freezing and thawing water, earthquakes, volcanos all work to slowly pulverize rocks into smaller partcles that can make up a soil.
At Stage Two ,This is the early stage of what we might call soil. Here we add some life, specifically lichens.
At Stage Three ,At this time the little pockets of soil have formed to the extent that some larger plants, plants with roots can have a go at growing.
At final stage, The soils are developed enough to support thick vegetation.
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Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth’s surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles, organic materials, air, water and living organisms—all of which interact slowly yet constantly.
Most plants get their nutrients from the soil and they are the main source of food for humans, animals and birds. Therefore, most living things on land depend on soil for their existence.
Soil is a valuable resource that needs to be carefully managed as it is easily damaged, washed or blown away. If we understand soil and manage it properly, we will avoid destroying one of the essential building blocks of our environment and our food security.
Soil profile showing the different layers or horizons.
The soil profile
As soils develop over time, layers (or horizons) form a soil profile.
Most soil profiles cover the earth as 2 main layers—topsoil and subsoil.
Soil horizons are the layers in the soil as you move down the soil profile. A soil profile may have soil horizons that are easy or difficult to distinguish.
Most soils exhibit 3 main horizons:
A horizon—humus-rich topsoil where nutrient, organic matter and biological activity are highest (i.e. most plant roots, earthworms, insects and micro-organisms are active). The A horizon is usually darker than other horizons because of the organic materials
.B horizon—clay-rich subsoil. This horizon is often less fertile than the topsoil but holds more moisture. It generally has a lighter colour and less biological activity than the A horizon. Texture may be heavier than the A horizon too.
C horizon—underlying weathered rock (from which the A and B horizons form
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