Question

describe the 4 layers of soil along with the organisms living in them​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Horizon A or Topsoil

It is also called the humus layer, which is rich in organic material. This layer consists of decomposed material and organic matter. This is the reason, the topsoil has a dark brown color. The hummus makes the topsoil soft, porous to hold enough air and water. In this layer, the seeds germinate and roots of the plants grow. Many living organisms like earthworms, millipedes, and centipedes, bacteria, and fungi are found in this layer of soil.

2. Horizon B or Subsoil

Just below the topsoil lies another layer called subsoil or horizon-B. It is comparatively harder and compact than topsoil. It is lighter in color than the topsoil because there is less humus in this layer. This layer is less organic but is rich in minerals brought down from the topsoil. It contains metal salts, especially iron oxide in a large proportion. Farmers often mix horizon-A and horizon-B when ploughing their fields.

3. Bedrock or Horizon C

Bedrock is also known as parent rock and lies just below the subsoil. It contains no organic matter and made up of stones and rocks, so it is very hard. This layer represents a transition zone between the earth’s bedrock and horizon A and B.

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Answer 2

Answer:

A-horizon:

It is the top most mineral horizon of soil rich in mineral and partially decomposed organic matter i.e humus to give soil a colour darker than that of the lower horizons. Earthworms are mostly present here. It is the most fertile horizon or layer of soil.

B-horizon:

It is commonly known as the "subsoil". B horizon has maximum accumulation of materials such as silicate, iron, aluminium and organic material. It does not contain any type of organisms it only has dead and decaying matter. It is fertile but not than that of A-horizon.

C-horizon:

It is made up of incompletely weathered rock. The A and B layers usually originate from the C-horizon. Plants cannot be grown there because it only has big-big rocks.

D or R horizon:

It represents the unweathered parent rock, also called bed rock or parent rock forming the base of the soil profile.