describe the advantages of apomixis polyembroni and also point out major problems of using hybrid varieties
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Answer:
Apomixis produces embryos or seed progeny that are exact genetic replicas of the mother plant. The main advantage of apomixis over sexual reproduction is the possibility to select individual plants with superior characteristics and propagate them clonally through seeds.
the main applications of apomixis are the avoidance of phytosanitary threats and the spanning of unfavorable seasons. Because of its potential for crop improvement and global agricultural production, apomixis is now receiving increasing attention from both scientific and industrial sectors.
Following are the some of the problems encountered in development of hybrid variety
1. Farmers have to use new hybrid seed every year. They cannot produce their own seed.
2. Hybrid seed production requires considerable technical skill. This makes hybrid seed production a tedious and costly affair.
3.The exploitation of full potential of hybrid varieties requires an adequate supply of irrigation water and fertilizer, and control of weeds, diseases and insect pests. Many farmers are unable to ensure a timely application of these essential inputs.
4. In most cross-pollinated species, the requirements of isolation are rigid and, ordinarily, difficult to fulfill, except on large farms. These render hybrid seed productions rather difficult in a country like India where farm holdings are generally small.
5. The amount of hybrid seed required to cover the entire area under any crop appears to be impossible to produce with our present seed production setup.