Question

Describe the challenges before India at the time of Independence

Answer 1

There were mainly three challenges that India faced soon after it's independence:-

To shape a united nation respecting the diversity in our society at that time.This include further challenges of :-
Rehabilitation after the brutal partition of the country which result in deeper issues of conflict within the different communities.And then there were obvious administrative and financial concerns after the partition.
Successful integration of princely states in Indian union.Rulers of the states had to sign on the instrument of succession .This became more difficult for some princely states like Hyderabad ,Manipur and Kashmir.
Reorganization of states on the basis of their regional identity.It was decided that partition of states would not be done on the basis of language because that could result in disruption and disintegrations.That would also draw attention away from some key issues like social and economic challenges .But this ultimately led to protest in many regions including then madras province .Later State Reorganization commission was established in 1953 which accepted that boundaries of different states should reflect boundaries of different languages.
Implementation of democratic practice in accordance with the constitution.
Congress dominance was also a challenge in a certain way because there was no other political party with the same stature and congress also inherited the legacy of the freedom movement.But later many other parties like CPI(Communist Party of India),Socialist Party,Bhartiya Jana Sangh started to emerge which helped in more open electoral competition.
Economic development of the country and it's uniform distribution among different section of the society with the ultimate goal of eradication of the poverty.Now the role of governmaent had to be decided.There were mainly two models of development.One was Liberal-Capitalist model and the other one was the socialist model.Ultimately there was consensus on one point that development could not be left to the private sector and there was need for the government to develop a design or plan for development.This led to the establishment of Planning Commission in March,1950.
There were other challenges to like the role of India in the changing international situation and the policies of the country to maintain it's foreign relations.