Describe the chief soils of India on the basis of their evolution and economic utility
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Alluvial Soil These are fertile soil deposited by rivers on and near their banks. ... The most fertile alluvial soil is found in the Ganga valley, where it is deposited by river Ganges. These soils cover almost 35-40% of the region of India. These soils are rich in minerals especially potash.
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- Alluvial soil: Mostly available soil in India (about 43%) which covers an area of 143 sq.km. Widespread in northern plains and river valleys. Humus, lime and organic matters are present. They are depositional soil – transported and deposited by rivers and streams. Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed etc are cultivated mainly.
- Red soil: Porous, friable structure. Red in colour because of the presence Ferric oxide. Wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds, potato etc are cultivated.
- Black soil: Best soil for cotton cultivation. It had high water retaining capacity. Rich in iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium. Good for cultivation of Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane and Cashew
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