Describe the Collectivisation Programme introduced by Joseph Stalin in Soviet Russia?
(5 marks)
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Answers
The Soviet government forced the collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 (in West - between 1948 and 1952) during the ascendancy of Joseph Stalin. It began during and was part of the first five-year plan. The policy aimed to consolidate individual landholdings and labour into collective farms: mainly kolkhozy and sovkhozy. The Soviet leadership confidently expected that the replacement of individual peasant farms by collective ones would immediately increase the food supply for the urban population, the supply of raw materials for processing industry, and agricultural exports. Planners regarded collectivization as the solution to the crisis of agricultural distribution (mainly in grain deliveries) that had developed from 1927.[1] This problem became more acute as the Soviet Union pressed ahead with its ambitious industrialization program, meaning that more food needed to be produced to keep up with urban demand.[2]
Acute shortages of grain supplies and outdated mode of production on small land holdings led Stalin to introduce the system of collectivisation.
Under collectivisation, land was taken away from peasants, Kulaks eliminated and large state controlled farms established. Peasants were forced to cultivate on these collective farms (Kolkboz).
Large size of farms enabled introduction of modern techniques and machinery. Land and implements were transferred to the ownership of the collective farms. A profit of the farms was to be shared among the peasants.
Many peasants resisted collectivisation. Resistance was severely punished. Many peasants were deported or exiled.
Collectivisation however did not lead to increase in production immediately.
Stalin thought that increase in farming would give better yield so he asked the farmers to work extra. The farmers followed the orders and in return did not get money. To show their anger the farmers burnt their crops. this was stalin's collectivisation programme.
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