Question

describe the different kind of microorganism with examples​

Answer 1

Answer:

The types of microorganisms are discussed below:

Explanation:

First I would like to talk about the Prokaryotic microorganisms.

Bacteria:

Bacteria are found in nearly every habitat on earth, including within and on humans. Most bacteria are harmless or helpful, but some are pathogens, causing disease in humans and other animals. Bacteria are prokaryotic because their genetic material (DNA) is not housed within a true nucleus. Most bacteria have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.

Bacteria are often described in terms of their general shape. Common shapes include spherical (coccus), rod-shaped (bacillus), or curved (spirillum, spirochete, or vibrio).

Archaea are also unicellular prokaryotic organisms. Archaea and bacteria have different evolutionary histories, as well as significant differences in genetics, metabolic pathways, and the composition of their cell walls and membranes. Unlike most bacteria, archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, but their cell walls are often composed of a similar substance called pseudopeptidoglycan. Like bacteria, archaea are found in nearly every habitat on earth, even extreme environments that are very cold, very hot, very basic, or very acidic. Some archaea live in the human body, but none have been shown to be human pathogens.

Now about the eukaryotes:

Protists :

Protists are unicellular eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. Algae and protozoa are examples of protists.

Fungi :

Fungi (singular: fungus) are also eukaryotes. Some multicellular fungi, such as mushrooms, resemble plants, but they are actually quite different. Fungi are not photosynthetic, and their cell walls are usually made out of chitin rather than cellulose.

A light micrograph with a clear background and blue cells. A long row of cells forms a central strand. Attached to this are clusters of many spherical cells. Each cell is approximately 5 µm in size and contains a nucleus.  

Unicellular fungi—yeasts—are included within the study of microbiology. There are more than 1000 known species. Yeasts are found in many different environments, from the deep sea to the human navel. Some yeasts have beneficial uses, such as causing bread to rise and beverages to ferment; but yeasts can also cause food to spoil. Some even cause diseases, such as vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush.

Viruses :

Viruses are acellular microorganisms, which means they are not composed of cells. Essentially, a virus consists of proteins and genetic material—either DNA or RNA, but never both—that are inert outside of a host organism. However, by incorporating themselves into a host cell, viruses are able to co-opt the host’s cellular mechanisms to multiply and infect other hosts.

Viruses can infect all types of cells, from human cells to the cells of other microorganisms. In humans, viruses are responsible for numerous diseases, from the common cold to deadly Ebola.

I hope that this helps you!!

Answer 2

There are five types of micro-organisms :-

A) Bacteria

• They are among the smallest and oldest organisms on our planet.
• They are unicellular organisms.
• Different bacteria have different shapes: rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), comma-shaped (vibrio) and spiral (spirilla).
• E.g. - Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, etc.

B) Protozoa

• They are animal-like micro-organisms.
• They are unicellular organisms.
• E.g. - Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, etc.

C) Fungi

• They are a group of single-celled or multi-celled organisms.
• They may be unicellular or multicellular.
• They may be microscopic or macroscopic.
• They are saprophytes, i.e., they derive their nutrition from decaying matter.
• E.g. - Yeast, Mushroom, Moulds, etc.

D) Algae

• They are simple plant-like organisms that contain chlorophyll.
• They are autotrophs, i.e., they make their own food.
• They may be unicellular or multicellular.
• E.g. - Chlamydomonas, seaweeds, acetabularia, etc.

E) Viruses

• They are very small in structure.
• They are hard to classify as living or non-living as, on their own, they show no signs of life. However, they reproduce inside the cells of host organism. They are also called 'the link between living and non-living'.
• They have an acellular structure.
• They cause many widely-feared diseases.
• E.g. - Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Corona-virus, etc.