Question

describe the different patterns of rural settlements?(answer in 100 words)​

Answer 1

Answer:

Inhabitants of the rural settlement depend for their livelihood upon the exploitation of the soil,

small fishing, quarrying, mining forestry caps etc. A typical village has secondary workers

supplying services to the primary group of farmers and farm labourers e.g. shopkeepers,

teachers, clergymen, the . publican, postmaster, smith and garage proprietor. Besides the village

consists of a part of retired people and in part of younger people who live in the village but go to

work in a neighbouring town as urbanism is fast becoming a new way of life. The proportion of

population in each of these classes bears to the total village population, varies with the kind of

farming characteristics of the locality, the quality of the soil, the attractiveness and accessibility

of the site and its place within the general settlement pattern.

The main factors influencing the rural settlements are :

1. Nature of the topography

2. Local weather conditions

3. Quality of the soil

4. Nature of surface and sub-surface water

5. Pattern of landholding

6. Social organization

Depending on the size, the rural settlements are classified as Hamlets is rural settlement

comprising of few houses only), true village communities, villages and large villages. True

village community are just ancient and long settled villages where in extreme cases, no personal

property exists and everything belongs to community of peasants. Such village communities are

seen in India, Malaya and France.

Besides agricultural villages, there also exists forest villages, mining and quarrying villages,

fishing villages, villages chiefly supported by tourist industry, dormitory villages serving nearby

towns and industrial villages. Each has its own characters :

1. Many industrial and mining villages are unprepossessing which suffer from ugly and drab

surroundings.

2. Fishing and tourist villages are more attractively situated and in many cases possess the

charm and interest of historical buildings.

3. Most of dormitory villages are either new or consists largely of modern housing estates.

In all such settlements, occupations are much more specialized than in towns and such

typical urban functions as administration and wholesaling are rarely present. The number of

villages in a country and the role played by villages in the social and economic context is

profound. In India around three fourth of the population live in more than six hundred

thousand villages and most of these support a population of less than five hundred. It is estimated that two out of every three persons still live in villages or in hamlets and scattered

dwelling all over the world.

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Answer 2

The rural settlements are classified under following patterns: Rectangular, Linear, Circular, Semi- circular, Star-like, Triangular, and Nebular Pattern.

Any settlement in which most of the people are en­gaged in agriculture, forestry, mining and fishery is known as rural settlement. It is often called as agri­cultural workshop.

Types and Patternns.

Types:

Most of the world’s settlements are rural and they are stable and permanent. They are of three types:

1. Compact Settlements:

A compact settlement is based on farming. These are mostly found in highly productive alluvial plains like Indo-Gangetic Plains, the Hwang Ho Valley, Valley o Nile. The houses are compact and congested with narrow plains.

The size of these settlements depends on nature and resources of surrounding country. They have a high degree of segregation and differentiation of the upper and lower castes. Compact settlements are also found in hunt­ing and fishing communities.

2. Semi-Compact Settlement:

Semi-Compact is a transitional phase in the growth of compact settle­ment. The emergence is because of the difference of semi-arid regions from humid regions and marginal productive land to that of fertile land.

Increase in population cause villages to grow in number of houses. These houses occupy open spaces and lead to semi-compact settlement which ultimately acquires a nucleated settlement.

3. Dispersed Settlement:

These are generally found in hills, plateaus and grasslands. These are found in areas where it is essential that the farmer should live on his own land. Overpopulation is one of the rea­sons for dispersed settlement.

If a part of the popula­tion left a village to found a new one they often found dispersed rather than a new village. Dispersed settle­ments are relatively recent in age like Steppe grass­lands of Kazakhstan.

Patterns:

Pattern of settlement is defined as the relationship between one house or building to another. It can be identified by reading and observing a local scale map. The patterns of settlement deals with compact and semi-compact only, as dispersed has its own shape. The socio cultural factors like caste structure or a func­tional need of people has a close bearing on its shape and size ..

The rural settlements are classified under following patterns: Rectangular, Linear, Circular, Semi-circu­lar, Star-like, Triangular, and Nebular Pattern. The settlements is linear in valleys and mountainous ar­eas, rectangular in fertile plains, circular near the lakes and ponds, triangular at cross roads and in excep­tional cases it resembles the nebular form and on river terraces .