Question

Describe the electrophilic addition reaction of an alkene

Answer 1

An electrophilic addition reaction is a reaction in which a substrate is initially attacked by an electrophile, and the overall result is the addition of one or more relatively simple molecules across a multiple bond.

The mechanism for the addition of hydrogen halide to propene shown in the reading is quite detailed. Normally, an organic chemist would write this mechanism as follows:

hydrogen halide addition to propeneHowever, the more detailed mechanism shown in the reading does allow you to see the exact fate of all the electrons involved in the reaction.

In your previous chemistry course, you were probably taught the importance of balancing chemical equations. It may come as a surprise to you that organic chemists usually do not balance their equations, and often represent reactions using a format which is quite different from the carefully written, balanced equations encountered in general chemistry courses. In fact, organic chemists are rarely interested in the inorganic products of their reactions; furthermore, most organic reactions are non-quantitative in nature.

In many of the reactions in this course, the percentage yield is indicated beneath the products: you are not expected to memorize these figures. The question of yield is very important in organic chemistry, where two, five, ten or even twenty reactions may be needed to synthesize a desired product. For example, if a chemist wishes to prepare compound D by the following reaction sequence:

A→B→C→D(7.7.1)

and each of the individual steps gives only a 50% yield, one mole of A would give only

1 mol  ×50%100%×50%100%×50%100%=  0.125 mol of D

You will gain first-hand experience of such situations in the laboratory component of this course.

Answer 2

the reaction of a protic acid, HX, with an alkene as an example. write themechanism for the reaction of a protic acid, HX, with an alkene.

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