Question

describe the factors that eroded the international market for the traditional Indian textiles during the 19th century ​

Answer 1

• Around 1750, India was the world’s largest producer of cotton textiles.
• From the 16th century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for sale in Europe.

The Decline of Indian Textiles:

• By the 1830s British cotton cloth flooded Indian markets. By the 1880s two-thirds of all the cotton clothes worn by Indians were made of cloth produced in Britain.

• Handloom weaving continued to exist to some extent because some types of cloths could not be supplied by machines.

• Machines failed to produce saris with intricate borders or cloths with traditional woven patterns.

• Many weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood now became agricultural labourers.

• Some migrated to cities in search of work and yet others went out of the country to work in plantation in Africa and South America.

• Some handloom weavers got employment in the new cotton mill that were established in different parts of India.

For your kind information:

The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854. Afterwards mills came up in other cities too, like Ahmedabad and Kanpur.

The textile factory industry faced various problems in the beginning.

The first major spurt in the development of cotton factory in India was during the first world war when textile imports from Britain declined and Indian factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.

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Answer 2

Answer:

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The reasons for the decline of textile exports from India in the 19th century are as follows:

(a) The British Government introduced high tariffs on the import of cotton cloth. Indian textile industry faced stiff competition and export of cotton textiles began to decline.

(b) Exports of British goods to India increased. The Manchester goods flooded Indian markets.

(c) Raw cotton exports from India to Britain shot up the prices of cotton.

(d) British forced the farmers of India to produce indigo and opium. Indigo used for dyeing cloth was exported to Britain.