Question

Describe the five social and political factors that led to the outbreak of French revolution.


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Answer 1

$\huge \tt \underline \orange {Answer}$

Following are the five social and political factors that led to the outbreak of French Revolution:-

$\sf\pink{ Incomplete \: Rulers}$

$\sf\pink { Evil \: Influence \: of \: Queen \: Marie \: Antoinetinette }$

$\sf \pink { Rotten \: Administrative \: System}$

$\sf \pink {Financial \: Bankruptcy}$

$\sf \pink {Social \: Inequality}$

Political reasons

• Autocratic and inept government.

• Parliament meeting was not called for 175 years.

• Policy of excessive central also causing.

• Lack of autonomous governance.

• The effect was funeral.

Social reasons

• Awareness of political rights in the middle class.

• Pathetic condition of farmers.

• Sky tax system.

• Landlord, ‌ Religious tax and other feudal tax burden..

• Problems related to unemployment.

• Guild's ban, provincial import tax. And satisfaction from traders by importing equality and tax.

Additional Information

• The storm of Bastille is still regarded as a national holiday in France.
• The Jacobins attempted to erase Christianity in France.
• When the French Revolution started and the Bastille was stormed on July 14th, 1789, only seven prisoners were found inside.

Answer 2

Answer:

Social Inequality: French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates namely The Clergy, The nobility and third estates. First two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility enjoyed certain privileges by birth. They were exempt from paying taxes. The Third estate comprises of businessmen, merchants, Peasants and artisans, labours had to pay taxes to the state.

Political Causes: Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. France had a debt of more than 2 billion livres. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes which angered the people.

Economic Problems: The population of France also increased from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. Food grains were now in great demand. The price of bread shot up. Wages did not keep pace with rising prices. This led to subsistence crisis.

Strong Middle Class: A new middle class emerged educated and wealthy during the eighteenth century. They believed that no group in society should be given privileges by birth. Ideas of equality and freedom were put forward by philosophers. The ideas of these philosophers were discussed intensively in salons and coffee houses and spread among people.

Immediate Causes: On 5 may, 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. Third estates protested against this proposal but as each estate have one vote, the king rejected this appeal. They walked out of the assembly.