Question

Describe the general characteristics of Gymnosperms.

Answer 1

Characteristic of Gymnosperms

1. Vessels are absent except order Gnetales (Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia). Gnetales act as connecting link between gymnosperms and angiosperms

2. Companion cells are altogether absent.

3. Reproductive organs form cones or strobilus except female organs of Cycas.

4. Ovule is generally orthrotropous, unitegmic with three layers.

5. Endosperm is formed before fertilization and is always haploid.

6. Smallest archegonium of plant kingdom is present in this group.

Answer 2

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Subkingdom Phanerogamae➫ A division of plants comprising those having reproductive organs.

➧ Subkingdom Phanerogamae is divided into Two Groups:-▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃⤵

❶❫ Gymnosperms:-▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟

①❭ They do not produce flowers.

②❭ Seeds are naked.

③❭ Endoderm is haploid.

④❭ 0vules are not located in the 0vary.

⑤❭ Level of all evolution is primitive group of seed-bearing plant.

⑥❭ Xylem lacks vessels & Phloem lacks companion cell.

▶Ex:- Cycas & Pinus

❷❫ Angiosperms:-▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬☟

①❭ They produce flower & seeds.

②❭ Seeds are enclosed by the fruit wall.

③❭ Endotherms is triploid.

④❭ 0vules are enclosed in the 0vary.

⑤❭ Level of evolution is highly evolved seed-bearing plant.

⑥❭ Xylem contains vessels & Phloem contains companion cell.

▶Ex:- Mangoes & Apples

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