Question

describe the main features of the paintings of bengal school.

Answer 1

The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School,[1] was an art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated inBengal, primarily Kolkata and Shantiniketan, and flourished throughout India during theBritish Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism (swadeshi) and led byAbanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by British arts administrators like E. B. Havell, the principal of the Government College of Art, Kolkatafrom 1896; eventually it led to the development of the modern Indian painting.[1][2][3]

The Bengal school arose as an avant gardeand nationalist movement reacting against the academic art styles previously promoted in India, both by Indian artists such as Raja Ravi Varma and in British art schools. Following the influence of Indian spiritual ideas in the West, the British art teacherErnest Binfield Havell attempted to reform the teaching methods at the Calcutta School of Art by encouraging students to imitateMughal miniatures.[4][5] This caused controversy, leading to a strike by students and complaints from the local press, including from nationalists who considered it to be a retrogressive move. Havell was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore painted a number of works influenced by Mughal art, a style that he and Havell believed to be expressive of India's distinct spiritual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West. Tagore's best-known painting,Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objects symbolic of India's national aspirations. Tagore later attempted to develop links with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist model of art. Through the paintings of 'Bharat Mata', Abanindranath established the pattern of patriortism. Painters and artists of Bengal school were Nandalal Bose, M.A.R Chughtai, Sunayani Devi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Manishi Dey, Mukul Dey, Kalipada Ghoshal, Asit Kumar Haldar, Sudhir Khastgir, Kshitindranath Majumdar, Sughra Rababi,Debi Prasad Roychoudhury, Bireswar Sen,Beohar Rammanohar Sinha, Kiron Sinha,TPGaganendranath Tagore (Tagore's brother) MeharThapar and Sarada Ukil.[1]

The Bengal school's influence in India declined with the spread of modernist ideas in the 1920s. As of 2012, there has been a surge in interest in the Bengal school of art among scholars and connoisseurs.[6]