Describe the motion of particles in ice, liquid water, and water vapor. Apply the kinetic theory of matter to explain the differences.
Answers
Answer:
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
The kinetic molecular theory of matter explains how matter can change among the phases of solid, liquid, and gas.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the kinetic molecular theory of matter.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
All particles have energy, and the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in, which determines if the substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Solid particles have the least amount of energy, and gas particles have the greatest amount of energy.
The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. A change in phase may occur when the energy of the particles is changed.
There are spaces between particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas phases.
Key Terms
kinetic molecular theory: Theory of treating samples of matter as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion
kinetic: Of or relating to motion.
lattice: A regular spacing or arrangement of atoms/molecules within a crystal.
phase: A component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state. Matter can exist in the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases.
The Kinetic Theory: A Microscopic Description of Matter
The kinetic molecular theory of matter offers a description of the microscopic properties of atoms (or molecules) and their interactions, leading to observable macroscopic properties (such as pressure, volume, temperature). An application of the theory is that it helps to explain why matter exists in different phases (solid, liquid, and gas) and how matter can change from one phase to the next.
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The three phases of matter: Notice that the spacing between atoms or molecules increases as we move from a description of the solid phase to the gaseous one.
The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that:
Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving.
All particles have energy, but the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Molecules in the solid phase have the least amount of energy, while gas particles have the greatest amount of energy.
The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.
A change in phase may occur when the energy of the particles is changed.
There are spaces between particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas phases.
There are attractive forces between atoms/molecules, and these become stronger as the particles move closer together. These attractive forces are called intermolecular forces.
Answer:
In this activity, students will construct models of the arrangement of water molecules in the three physical states. Students will understand that matter can be found in three forms or phases (solid, liquid, and gas). Using physical models, students will be able to explain the molecular behavior of ice, water, and water vapor.