Question

Describe the origin and growth of print culture in China?

Answer 1

IN JAPAN.....THE PRINT TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN WAS STARTED BY BUDDHIST MISSIONARIES FROM CHINA AROUND AD 768-770.THE BUDDHIST DIAMOND SUTRA WAS THE OLDEST PRINTED BOOK IN JAPAN IN 868 AD.
IT CONTAINED 6 SHEETS OF TEXT AND WOOD CUTTINGS OF ILLUSTRATION. THAT HOW IT STARTED AND THEN BOOKS WERE INTERESTED BY PEOPLE AND STARTED TO MAKE BOOKS HAND PRINTED AND SO ON.
IN CHINA.... THE WORLDS EARLIEST PRINTED FRAGMENT TO SURVIVE ARE FROM CHINA AND ARE OF SILK PRINTED WITH FLOWERS IN THREE COLORS FROM HAN DYNASTY.THE TECHNOLOGY  OF PRINTING FROM CLOTHS TO PAPER WAS ADAPTED UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BUDDHISM.
THE PRINTER WAS FIRST INVENTED BY JOHANNES GUTENBERG THE FOLLOWING WERE THE DRAW BACKS OF HAND WRITTEN MANUSCRIPT :
* COPING WAS AN EXPENSIVE ,LABORIOUS AND TIME CONSUMING BUSINESS.
*MANUSCRIPT WERE FRAGILE ,AWKWARD TO HANDLE AMD COULD NOT BE CARRIED AROUND TO READ EASILY.
* THIS ALSO AVOIDED THE LARGE SCALE CIRCULATION OF HAND WRITTEN MANUSCRIPTS.
{SORRY I MISSED IT BEFORE BY MISTAKE ,HERE IS THE ANSWER}: IT WAS MAINLY SCREW PRESSES. THE SCREW PRESS WAS ALLOWED TO DIRECTLY PRESSURE TO BE APPLIED ON THE FLAT PLANE WAS ALREADY A GREAT ANTIQUITY IN GUTENBERG TIME. THE PRESSING WAS WINE GRAPES AND OIL FRUIT(OLIVE).
-  NOW THAT BOOKS WERE BEING TRANSLATED FROM LATIN INTO DIFFERENT LANGUAGES,PEOPLE STARTED ARGUING WHY MASS IN CHURCH WAS STILL DELIVERED IN LATIN.SO THERE WAS ARGUMENT IN THE CHURCH FOR THIS CASE.
 *PRINTING HAD BROUGHT DIFFERENT IDEAS TO THE PEOPLE TO REVOLT.
*PRINT HAD CREATED A NEW CULTURE AND DIALOGUE WITHIN THE PUBLIC IDEAS OF SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAME INTO BEGIN.
- pls find the attachment i have put
1)BY THE MID 19TH CENT.RICHARD HOPE OF NEW YORK HAD PERFECTED THE POWER DRIVEN CYLINDRICAL PRESS. IT WAS  CAPABLE OF PRINTING 8000 SHEETS PER HOUR. IT WAS USED FOR NEWSPAPER.
2)IN THE LATE 19TH CENT.THE OFFSET PRESS WAS DEVELOPED WHICH CULD PRINT UP TO COLORS AT A TIME.
3)BEGINNING OF 20TH CENT.ELECTRICALLY WORKING PRINTERS WERE DEVELOPED.
- *THEY WERE COPIED ON PALM LEAVES OR HAND MADE PAPERS.
*PAGES WERE BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED
*THEY WERE PRESSED BETWEEN WOODEN COVERS OR SEWN TOGETHER TO ENSURE PRESERVATION.
*THROUGH THE PRINT CULTURE MANY INDIAN WOMEN BECAME FAMOUS WRITERS AND READERS .
*SOME MAGAZINES WERE INTRODUCED FOR THE WOMEN TO PROPER THERE READING.
*MANY INDIAN WOMEN WERE SEND TO LEARN AND WRITE O WRITE SO THAT THEY CAN BE PRINTED .
A  SHORT NOTE::
THE PRESS HAD BECOME HE STRONGEST WEAPON BUILD IN NATIONALISM IN INDIA .SO LORD AMHERST IMPOSED RESTRICTION ON THE PRESS IN 1823 AD.IT WAS ENACTED VERY STRICTLY IN 1878 BY LORD LYTTON.  HE IMPOSED SOME CONDITIONS BY PASSING 'VERNACULAR PRESS ACT 1878 A.D.'THE CONDITIONS IMPOSED WERE :*NO PAPER CULD BE PUBLISHED WITHOUT BEEN SEEN .
*NO GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE WERE  ALLOWED TO EDIT THE PAPER WITHOUT PERMISSION.MANY PEOPLE CALLED IT 'GAGGING ACT' AS IT TRIED TO SILENCE THE VOICE OF THE PRESS.AMD WITH ALL THE REVOLTS ,THEY HAD TO TAKE BACK THE LAW .

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