Question

describe the process of digestion of food in human beings​

Answer 1

mouth

when food enters into mouth wen our tongue touches the hard pallate salivary glands releases salivary amylase the food which is acidic changes into alkaline

oesophagus

food enters into oesophagus where due to the pedistaltic movements of the muscles it pushes the food into cardiac stomach

stomach

food enters into stomach where ostin cells releases gastric juice as the stomach has a lining with mucus so the food changes into acidic and enters into deodinum...

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Answer 2

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★ The various processes involved in the digestion of human beings are :-

• Ingestion :- Food is ingested in a complex form. In order to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken down into smaller molecules. This is done with the help of some biological catalysts called enzymes. The food is taken into the body through the mouth or the buccal cavity. In the following process, the food is chewed and is broken down mechanically into smaller pieces with the help of the teeth. The food is then mixed with the saliva which contains salivary amylase. Salivary amylase breaks down starch which is a complex molecule into a much simpler molecule, i.e., maltose sugar. It then forms a bolus. The digestion of carbohydrates thus starts from mouth itself. It then opens into a small funnel-shaped area called pharynx which leads to a long tube called oesophagus, whose walls are highly muscular.

• Digestion :- As the canal is soft, so the food is made wet to make the further passage smooth. The alimentary canal has muscles that contracts and expands rhythemically to push the food forward and this movement of the food is termed as peristaltic movement, which occurs all along the gut. The food is then taken to the stomach through the food pipe or oesophagus from the mouth. Usually, there's no occurrence of digestion of food in oesophagus. Thus, from oesophagus the food is taken to enter the stomach where various secretions of gastric juices which is a mixture of hydrochloric acid, pepsin (protein digesting enzyme) and mucus takes place. Now, the partially digested food enters from stomach into the small intestine's wider part called duodenum and the remaining part of the small intestine is termed as ileum. The duodenum, receives secretions from two glands, i.e., liver and pancreas. Liver secretes bile pigments and pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which digests the proteins, carbohydrates and emulsified fats. Here the digestive enzymes are amylase, maltose, and invertase for digesting the carbohydrates, trypsin for proteins and lipase for fats. Thus, food is completely digested in ileum of the small intestine.

• Absorption :- Now, the food enters from duodenum into ileum part of small intestine where millions of finger-like projections known as villi are present which helps in absorbing the food.

• Assimilation :- The blood carries digested and dissolved food to all parts of the body, where it is assimilated into the cells which is used for obtaining energy as well as for growth and repair of the body.

• Egestion :- The unabsorbed food is sent to the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this undigested material and rest of the material solidifies and is removed by anus. The excretion of waste materials by anus is regulated by the anal sphincters.

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