Question

describe the steps of glycolysis.
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Answer 1

Explanation:

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. It produces ATP and is the first stage of cellular respiration.

Step 1

The enzyme hexokinase phosphorylates — adds a phosphate group to — glucose in the cell's cytoplasm. In the process, a phosphate group from ATP is transferred to glucose producing glucose 6-phosphate

Step 2 Glucose

The enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate into its isomer fructose 6-phosphate. Isomers have the same molecular formula, but the atoms of each molecule are arranged differently.

Glucose 6-phosphate (CStep 3

The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule to transfer a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate.

Fructose 6-phosphate (CStep 4

The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate

Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate (CStep 5

The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase rapidly inter-converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is removed as soon as it is formed to be used in the next step of glycolysis.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CNet result for step Nos. 4 and 5: Step 6

The enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase serves two functions in this step. First, the enzyme transfers a hydrogen (H-) from glyceraldehyde phosphate to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form NADH. Next, triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytosol to the oxidized glyceraldehyde phosphate to form 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate.

This occurs for both molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate produced in step 5.

A. Triose phosphate dehydrogenase + 2 HB. Triose phosphate dehydrogenase + 2 P + 2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (CStep 7

The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a P from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. This happens for each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The process yields two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules and two ATP molecules.

2 molecules of 1,3-bisphoshoglycerate Step 8

The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P from 3-phosphoglycerate from the third carbon to the second carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate.

2 molecules of 3-Phosphoglycerate Step 9

The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This happens for each molecule of 2-phosphoglycerate.

S2 molecules of 2-Phosphoglycerate Step10

The enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers a P from PEP to ADP to form pyruvate and ATP. This happens for each molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate. This reaction yields two molecules of pyruvate and two ATP molecules. The equation is:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. In glycolysis glucose is converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six membrane ring molecule found in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugars. it enters cells through specific transporter proteins that move it from outside the cell into the cell’s cytosol. All of the glycolytic enzymes are found in the cytosol.

Explanation:

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