describe the structure and function of a nephron ( 5 marks question)
Answers
Answer:
for diagram ,please check ncert tb
Step-by-step explanation:
nephron are the basic functional units present in akidney
they filter out toxic wates and harmful metabolic wastes out of the body
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As we know that kidneys are the main excretory organ in human beings. They consists of basic structural unit called nephrons. There are about 1 million nephrons present in one kidney. All the nephrons are kept together by connecting tissue.
The basic structure of nephrons consists of four parts.
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Glomerulus is a tuft of blood capillaries that arise from afferent arteriole. The capillaries join again later to form efferent arteriole. These arteriols take the blood to the nephron and supply back to body after filtration.
Bowmans capsule is a cup like structure that holds glomerulus. It collects the filterate from the glomerulus and transforms into Proximal convoluted tubule.
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Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by columnar epithilaial cells. Columnar epithelial cells have various microvilli that increase the surface area to absorb the essential substances back into the blood.
PCT leads to a U shaped structure called Loop of Henle. It consists of ascending and descending parts. That are lined with flat and columnar epithelial cells. They act to absorb water and concentration of urine.
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) continues from the ascending part of loop of Henle. This leads to Collecting duct. It is a very large duct that receive the filtration from various nepharons.
The collecting ducts open into urethra and helps to take urine to urinary bladder where it is kept till elimination.
A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidneys that regulates water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine.
A nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney. It consists of a tubule which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.
