Question

describe the structure and functioning of nephrons in points

Answer 1

1. Nephron has a cup shaped upper end, called bowman's capsule.It contains a bundle of blood capillaries, called glomerulus.

2. The blood entering into the glomerulus carries waste materials which are filtered out in the bowman's capsule. Filtration is possible because the walls of glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule are very thin and are selectively permeable.

3. This property of membranes allows water and small molecules in the blood to pass through them.Once the waste materials is filtered out, the blood free from these waste materials goes into renal veins from where it goes into the heart through posterior Vena cava.

4. The fluid containing waste materials is forced out of the glomerular capillaries in the Bowman's capsule.

5. The filtered out fluid is known as glomerular filtrate which contains sodium,potassium and chloride ions,glucose,amino acids along with urea,uric acid and a large amount of water.

Answer 2

"Nephrons are the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney."

• Nephrons are made up of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and a Bowman’s capsule.

Structure of a Nephron

• Nephrons are the basic filtering sections of the kidneys.
• Each kidney contains a large number of nephrons, approximately 1-1.5 million.
• The major components of the nephron are the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.

Functioning of a Nephron

• The blood comes to the kidney through the renal artery, which divides into many capillaries associated with the glomerulus.
• The water and solute are transferred to the nephron at Bowman’s capsule.
• In the proximal tubule, some constituents such as amino acids, glucose, and salts are relatively reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added to the urine.
• The filtrate then goes down into the loop of Henle, where more water is absorbed.
• From here, the filtrate moves upwards into the distal tubule and therefore to the collecting duct. The collecting duct collects urine from a lot of nephrons.
• The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called a ureter. From the ureter, it goes to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.

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