Describe the structure and types of chromosomes
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In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
Chromosomes in humans can be divided into two types: autosomes (body chromosome(s)) and allosome (sex chromosome(s)). Certain genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and are passed on through the sexchromosomes. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information.
Chromosomes in humans can be divided into two types: autosomes (body chromosome(s)) and allosome (sex chromosome(s)). Certain genetic traits are linked to a person's sex and are passed on through the sexchromosomes. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information.
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Types of Chromosomes -
1. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
2. Bacterial Chromosomes
3. Viral Chromosomes
4. Polytene Chromosomes
5. Giant Chromosomes
Structure of Chromosomes -
The DNA of an organism are packed in their cells to protected, they also regulate the accessibility of the DNA. Packaging of DNA helps conserve space in the cells. Approximately, two meters of the human DNA can fit into a cell that is only a few micrometers wide. Chromosomes are made up of DNA segments. Chromosomes carry all the information that help a cell grows, survive and reproduce. DNA segments with specific patterns are called genes. The chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell. In prokaryotic organisms, the DNA is not present in the nucleus; the DNA floats in the cytoplasm in area called the nucleoid.
The chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Eukaryotic cells have large number of linear chromosomes and cells of prokaryotes have smaller and circular DNA. Cells may contain more than one type of chromosome, like in most eukaryotic cells, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts in plant cells possess their own set of chromosomes.
In nucleus of eukaryotic organism, the chromosomes are packed by proteins to form a compact structure called chromatin. This condensation allows long molecules of DNA to fit into the cell nucleus. Chromosomes are more condensed then the chromatin and they are essential for cell division. The chromosomes are replicated, divided and passed on to the daughter cells, to ensure genetic diversity and survival of the progeny.
Duplicated chromosomes contain tow identical copies known as chromtids or sister chromatids, they are joined by a centromere. Compaction of the chromosomes during the cell division process results in the four-arm structure.
Recombination of chromosome plays a vital role in genetic diversity. Incorrect multiplication of the chromosomes may lead to mitotic failure or death of the cell, it may lead to apoptosis and sometimes may be cancerous.
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1. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
2. Bacterial Chromosomes
3. Viral Chromosomes
4. Polytene Chromosomes
5. Giant Chromosomes
Structure of Chromosomes -
The DNA of an organism are packed in their cells to protected, they also regulate the accessibility of the DNA. Packaging of DNA helps conserve space in the cells. Approximately, two meters of the human DNA can fit into a cell that is only a few micrometers wide. Chromosomes are made up of DNA segments. Chromosomes carry all the information that help a cell grows, survive and reproduce. DNA segments with specific patterns are called genes. The chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell. In prokaryotic organisms, the DNA is not present in the nucleus; the DNA floats in the cytoplasm in area called the nucleoid.
The chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Eukaryotic cells have large number of linear chromosomes and cells of prokaryotes have smaller and circular DNA. Cells may contain more than one type of chromosome, like in most eukaryotic cells, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts in plant cells possess their own set of chromosomes.
In nucleus of eukaryotic organism, the chromosomes are packed by proteins to form a compact structure called chromatin. This condensation allows long molecules of DNA to fit into the cell nucleus. Chromosomes are more condensed then the chromatin and they are essential for cell division. The chromosomes are replicated, divided and passed on to the daughter cells, to ensure genetic diversity and survival of the progeny.
Duplicated chromosomes contain tow identical copies known as chromtids or sister chromatids, they are joined by a centromere. Compaction of the chromosomes during the cell division process results in the four-arm structure.
Recombination of chromosome plays a vital role in genetic diversity. Incorrect multiplication of the chromosomes may lead to mitotic failure or death of the cell, it may lead to apoptosis and sometimes may be cancerous.
Hope it helped you.
Mark me brainliest.
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