describe the structure of judicial organisation as established by british india
please describe in about 100 words
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of 34 judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.[3] It is regarded as the most powerful public institution in India.[4]
As the constitutional court of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various government authorities as well as the central government vs state governments or state governments versus another state government in the country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the constitution by President of India. The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments.[5] As per Article 142 of the constitution, it is the duty of the President of India to enforce the decrees of the supreme court and the court is conferred with the inherent jurisdiction to pass any order deemed necessary in the interest of justice.
Contents
1 History
2 Members of Collegium
3 Court building architecture
3.1 Mother and Child Sculpture
3.2 Seal
4 Constitution of the court
4.1 Registry
4.2 Supreme court advocates
5 Composition
5.1 Size of the court
5.2 Eligibility of a judge of the Supreme Court
5.3 Court demographics
6 Judicial independence
6.1 Appointments and the Collegium
6.2 Tenure
6.3 Salary
6.4 Oath or affirmation
6.5 Removal
6.6 Post-retirement
6.7 Review petition
6.8 Powers to punish for contempt
7 Rules
8 Roster system
9 Reporting and citation
10 Right to Information
11 Facilities in the campus
12 Landmark judgments
12.1 Land reform
12.2 Emergency (1975–1977)
12.3 Post-1980: an assertive court
12.4 Recent important cases
12.4.1 2G spectrum case
12.4.2 Black money
12.4.3 Minority reservations
12.4.4 Online/postal ballot for Indian citizen living abroad (NRIs)
12.4.5 T. S. R. Subramanian vs. Union of India
12.4.6 Recognition of transgender as 'third gender' in law
12.4.7 Relief to over 35,000 public servants
12.4.8 Decriminalisation of homosexuality
12.4.9 Ayodhya dispute
13 Criticism
13.1 Corruption
13.2 Pending cases
13.3 Rule of law
13.4 Four judges vs chief justice
13.5 Holidays and working hours
13.6 Appointment
13.7 Controversies
14 See also
15 References
16 External links
History
In 1861, the Indian High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create high courts for various provinces and abolished supreme courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the sadar adalats in presidency towns which had acted as the highest courts in their respective regions. These new high courts had the distinction of being the highest courts for all cases till the creation of the Federal Court of India under the Government of India Act 1935. The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeals against judgements of the high courts. The first CJI of India was H. J. Kania.[5]
The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950.[6] It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system. The first proceedings and inauguration, however, took place on 28 January 1950 at 9:45 am, when the judges took their seats. Which is thus regarded as the official date of establishment.[7]
The Supreme Court initially had its seat at the Chamber of Princes in the parliament building where the previous Federal Court of India sat from 1937 to 1950. The first Chief Justice of India was H. J. Kania. In 1958, the Supreme Court moved to its present premises.[6] Originally, the Constitution of India envisaged a supreme court with a chief justice and seven judges; leaving it to the parliament to increase this number.[8] In formative years, the Supreme Court met from 10 to 12 in the morning and then 2 to 4 in the afternoon for 28 days in a month.[9]