describe the Synovial joints under the following headings types with examples 5 marks
Answers
A synovial joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). ... synovial membrane (or synovium) – a special layer of cells that lines the joint capsule and produces the synovial fluid.
Explanation:
Synovial joints allow for smooth movements between the adjacent bones. The joint is surrounded by an articular capsule that defines a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of articular cartilage. Ligaments support the joint by holding the bones together and resisting excess or abnormal joint motions.
These joints can be described as planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, or ball-and-socket joints
Planar Joints
Planar joints have bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved faces. These joints allow for gliding movements, and so the joints are sometimes referred to as gliding joints
Hinge Joints
In hinge joints, the slightly rounded end of one bone fits into the slightly hollow end of the other bone.
The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.
Pivot Joints
Pivot joints consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone.
The joint in the neck that allows the head to move back and forth is an example of a pivot joint.
Condyloid Joints
Condyloid joints consist of an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped hollow of another bone
This type of joint allows angular movement along two axes, as seen in the joints of the wrist and fingers,
Saddle Joints
Saddle joints are so named because the ends of each bone resemble a saddle, with concave and convex portions that fit together
example of a saddle joint is the thumb joint
Ball-and-Socket Joints
Ball-and-socket joints possess a rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cuplike socket of another bone. This organization allows the greatest range of motion, as all movement types are possible in all directions.
Examples of ball-and-socket joints are the shoulder and hip joints
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