Describe the types of circulatory system
Found n nonchordates.illustrate your answer with diagram
Answers
Members of the Chordata phylum,have at some point:
notochord- cartilaginous rod running underneath, and supporting, the nerve cord
dorsal nerve chord - a bundle of nerve fibers which runs down the "back". It connects the brain with the lateral muscles and organs, post anal tail - an extension of the body past the anal opening
pharyngeal slits ( a series of openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck, often used as gills)aoThe chordata phylum is one of the most known phyla. Humans are part of this phylum. It contains mostly vertebrates but it does include invertebrates.
Chordate Circulatory System
Chordates have a closed circulatory system which can be either single or double looped.
Closed circulatory systems (evolved in echinoderms and vertebrates) have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness.
Common to Molluscs and Arthropods, Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood. The resulting blood flow is slow.
FIsh, such as this clownfish have a single loop circulatory system. They have body and gill capillaries as well as a heart, an atrium and a ventricle. In most fish, the heart consists of an atrium, a ventricle, a sac-like thin walled structure known as sinus venosus and a tube, known as bulbus arteriosus. In spite of containing four parts, the heart of a fish is considered two-chambered. In most fish, the heart consists of an atrium, a ventricle, a sac-like thin walled structure known as sinus venosus and a tube, known as bulbus arteriosus. In spite of containing four parts, the heart of a fish is considered two-chambered.
Diagram showing the circulatory system found in most fish, applying to the clown fish shown above
The Human Circulatory System
The components of the human circulatory system include the heart, blood, red and white blood cells, platelets, and the lymphatic system. The human heart contains four chambers instead of the two chambers you saw in the fish. It is an evolution. The four chambers are: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle
The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In the human heart there is one atrium and one ventricle for each circulation, and with both a systemic and a pulmonary circulation. The right atrium is the upper chamber of the right side of the heart. The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated (poor in oxygen) and passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for re-oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs as well as the pulmonary vein which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body.
Blood is the medium of transport in the body. The fluid portion of the blood, the plasma, is a straw-colored liquid composed primarily of water. All the important nutrients, the hormones, and the clotting proteins as well as the waste products are transported in the plasma. Red blood cells and white blood cells are also suspended in the plasma.
Reptiles
Reptile Circulatory System
Snake Circulatory System
Two atria and one ventricle make up the three-chambered heart of a snake. The right and left atria receive blood from the lungs and body, respectively, and pass it to the ventricle to be circulated again. The heart is able to move around, due to the lack of a diaphragm. This adjustment protects the heart from potential damage when large ingested prey is passed through the esophagus. The spleen is attached to the gall bladder and pancreas and functions to filter the blood and recycle old red blood cells.